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| 与发票上开出的重量相比，货物短重1,350公斤。 (2) As against last year, our grain export has increased six percent. 同去年相比，我们的粮食出口增加了百分之六。 (3) Ninety-eight factories have finished the task this season against 60 last season. 本季度有98家工厂完成了任务，而上季度只有60家。 (4) We will have to race against the clock if we want to get ready for the contract by next Monday. 如果我们想在下星期一前做好签订合同的准备，我们就不得不与时间赛跑。 2.5 违反、反对、不要(in violation of, be opposed to) (1) It is against the contractual stipulations that you failed to open the Letter of Credit 30 days prior to shipment. 你方未能在交货前三十天开据信用证，这是违背合同规定的。 (2) The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of this corporation voted against the investment plan. 这个公司的首席执行官投票反对了该项投资计划。 (3）The general manager warned me against discussing the production quota at the meeting. 总经理警告我，不要在会上讨论生产配额问题。 2.6 与……兑换(尤其指不同货币之间相互兑换的汇率)，以……抵付(in exchange for, pay for) (1) The rate of Euro against the U.S. Dollar has been appreciating since the eleventh of September, 2001. 欧元对美元的汇率自从2001年9月11日以来一直在上升。 (2) There is a run on gold against US dollars in the world now. 目前世界上出现了以美元兑换黄金的风潮。 (3) He draw a check against all his bank balance. 他开支票支取了他所有的银行余额。 (4) Income against expenditure. 以收抵支。 (5) We will break even in the first quarter of this year if we set our gains against our losses. 如果我们以盈余抵补亏损的话，我们今年第一季度便是不盈不亏。 2.7 对付、应对(in preparations for, in response to) (1) Fluctuations in exchange rates may be overcome by buying or selling forward exchange, but against the actions of the governments, like embargoes, a shipper can only protect himself by making special arrangements with his own government. 外汇汇率的波动可以通过买进或卖出远期外汇加以解决，但对付政府的某些行动如禁运，发货人则能同自己的政府作些特别安排以保护自己的利益不受损失。 (2) I誨 like to have some beer to fortify myself against the afternoon work. 我想喝点啤酒，以便有精力应对今天下午的工作。 2.8 避免、防止(on guard against, in prevention of) (1) A hedge contract cannot guarantee a manufacturer against loss but it can restrict his loss within very narrow limits by averaging out the cost of his raw materials for many months ahead. 套头交易不能担保厂商避免损失，但由于能提前数月算出原料成本，因而可以把厂商的损失限制在极小的范围之内。 (2) The employer warns the contractor against default. 雇主提醒承包商谨防违约。 2.9 仅在……之后、除非(only after..., unless) (1) Sight draft terms involve less risk, since title to a consignment is only released against payment. 即期汇票条款涉及的风险较少，因为只有在付款后才能获得货物的所有权。 (2) Payment shall be effected against delivery only. 货到之后才能付款。(以上两例中的against相当于only after...) 2.10 向某人……、朝某人……(towards somebody) (1) ..., the Buyers shall, during the guarantee period, request CCIB to make a survey and shall make a claim against the sellers (including replacement of the goods) and all the expenses incurred there from shall be borne by the sellers. ……，在保证期内，买方应委托中国商检局进行检验，并凭其检验证书向卖方提出索赔（包括换货），由此引起的所有费用应由卖方负担。（这里不能用介词to代替against，向……提出索赔，也可用动词短语claim against somebody） (2) “I am innocent of all the charges against me” said the chairman of the Board. 董事长说，“对于所有针对我的指控，我都是无辜的”。 2.11 以……为背景、在……背景下(in contrast to) (1) How can American corporations survive against the backdrop of a sluggish world economy? |
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