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| 摘要：“Against”是经贸英语中使用频率极高和使用范围极广的一个介词，其意思往往令人难以琢磨。本文利用大量可靠和权威的例证论述了介词“against”在经贸英语中常见的含义和用法。了解和熟悉该词的这些含义和用法不仅有助于正确理解和使用该词，而且对正确理解和使用经贸英语也大有裨益。 关键词：介词against；用法；译评 ［中图分类号］H043 ［文献标识码］A ［文章编号］1006-2831(2007)02-0067-4 Abstract: “Against”is a most frequently and widely used preposition in business English whose meanings are hard to grasp or understand. This paper, based on numerous authentic examples, studies its principal meanings and usage in business English. Grasping and understanding these meanings as well as the usage will be not only helpful to the correct use and understanding of this word but also conducive to the correct use and understanding of business English as a whole. Key words: “against” usage; translation and comment 1. 引论 “Against”是一个极为常见的介词，不但在一般英语中使用频繁，而且在经贸英语中使用得也十分广泛，其意义极其纷繁复杂，往往叫人难以琢磨。“Against”原来的意思是“与……相对”(contrary to)、“在……对面”(opposite to)、“向着……的方向”（in the direction of）等。但现在常用于指“碰撞、压迫、反抗”等之类的动作、行为或其它引申比喻意义，主要与一些特定的动词或表示动作的名词搭配使用，如fight (act) against——反抗，behave against the school rules——违背校规，actions against orders——违反命令的行动，protest against——抗议等。 “Against”与不同的词语搭配使用和使用在不同的上下文中时，其意义也随之变化。此外，“against”往往又使用在经贸英语句子、尤其是经贸合同句子的关键部位，理解稍有不慎，便极有可能导致理解和翻译失误，酿成大错。 为了正确理解和使用“against”一词，笔者现就把自己在阅读和翻译过程中收集到的“against”在经贸英语中的常见含义、用法和翻译概述以下。 2.“Against”在经贸英语中的常见含义和用法 “Against”在经贸英语中的常见含义和用法除了保留其基本含义和用法之外，还具有不少的引申比喻意义的用法，其含义和用法惟妙惟肖。现将“against”在经贸英语中的常见用法和含义及其翻译技巧逐一概括如下： 2.1 按照、按(in accordance with, according to, as per) (1) Maybe, you can check the invoice against the contract for me. 也许你能代我将发票按照合同核对一下。 (2) Weight certificate by ... at discharging part to be taken as final with one percent weight allowance against invoice weight. 以……卸货港出具的重量证书为准，允许按发票重量溢短装1％。 2.2 凭据、以……为条件(under the condition of, provided that, subject to) (1) Upon first presentation the buyers shall pay against documentary draft drawn by the sellers at sight, the shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only. 买方应凭卖方开具的即期跟单汇票，于见票时立即付款，付款后交单。 该条款中两个“against”的用法一致，相当于subject to，以……为条件。第一个“against”说明以卖方开具的即期跟单汇票为付款条件，第二个“against”则说明先付款，然后再交出单证。 (2) So we get payment against a bill of lading and a draft, which the buyer can discount. 所以我们只能凭提单及买主能够贴现的汇票收取货款。 下面再请看两个这方面用法的例子： Documents against payment (D/A) 付款交单 Documents against acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单 “付款交单”的意思是：documents be tendered to importer subject to his payment （以进口人付清货款为交出货运单据的依据）。 “承兑交单”的意思是：documents be tendered to the importer subject to his acceptance of the draft (以进口人承兑汇票为条件交出货运单据) 2.3 保……险种(against常用在合同保险条款中，后面引出承保的险种) (1) Marine insurance to be effected by the seller against F.D.A. for invoice amount plus ten percent only, any additional insurance required by the buyer shall be effected by him and at his own expense. 卖方按发票金额加10％投保平安险，买方如需加保，由其自行投保并负担费用。 (2) Seller shall effect marine insurance against All Risks including War Risks. 卖方投保海洋运输终合险及战争险。 2.4 与……比较、同……相比、而……(as compared with) (1) Against the invoiced weight the consignment was found short of 1,350 kgs. |
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