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| Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate the importance and influence of “grace under pressure”in Ernest Hemingway’s life and work. Selected for analysis are his experiences and his famous novel, The Old Man and the Sea. Focusing on “grace and pressure”in Hemingway’s life and the old man’s courage in the novel, this author examines what Hemingway’s “grace under pressure” is, how Hemingway faces pressure with grace, and how this theory has influenced him in his writing. Key words: grace and pressure, Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea ［CLC number］I106 ［Document code］A ［Article ID］1006-2831(2007)01-0064-5 I.Introduction Ernest Hemingway, one of the greatest American writers, had a troubled and ever-changing life in which death and violence were the main constants. At the age of ten, his father gave him his first shotgun. Fifty-one years later, he shot himself with his beloved gun. Throughout his life, he hurt many people and many hurt him. But most of the time, the hurts seemed to be neither his nor othersfault. Sometimes life itself was against him. Hemingway “believed that life was a tragedy and knew it could only have one end” (Baker, 1962: 49), but he tried to show his “grace under pressure”all the time. With this faith, Hemingway wrote many famous works, which earned him a worldwide reputation. Hemmingway admires strength of will as well as of body, courage, steadfastness endurance, hard work, simplicity, and skill. He values love, dignity, self-respect, beauty, nobility, and humanity. To him, man’s greatest achievement is to show “grace under pressure”, or “what he described in The Sun Also Rises as holding the ‘purity of line through the maximum of exposure’”. (McMichael, 1345) This paper tries, by studying Hemingway’s experiences and analyzing his novel The Old Man and the Sea, to show what Hemingway’s “grace under pressure”is and how he shows his “grace under pressure”. II. Pressure and Grace: Hemingway’s Life 2.1 Early Life Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. He was the second child, the first boy among six children. He had a typical American childhood. His father, Clarence Hemingway, was a successful physician. His mother, Grace Hall Hemingway, was a trained opera singer, who became a singing teacher and later a painter. Hemingway was strong, handsome, and intelligent. He inherited a love of music, a strong will, and defective eyes from his mother. His father “bequeathed to his son a way of life, and of death, and initiated him into the ritual of hunting and fishing(McMichael, 1974, 1346). Under the influence of his father, he later became a fisherman, hunter, and woodsman. In 1917, Hemingway graduated from Oak Park High School. He had a good background in English literature. He was active in the high school’s literary magazine and newspaper. He played football and boxed. He had a keen appreciation of art and was quick with a joke. These qualities, as well as his love of writing, made him know how to be graceful in later life. |
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