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| In the general situation of his novel, life is full of tension and battles; the world is in chaos; man is always fighting desperately a losing battle. However, though life is but a losing battle, it is a struggle man can dominate in such a way that loss becomes dignity; man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually. (Hays, 1990: 622-623) Hemingway’s end was not a happy one, but the end of a person’s life does not judge a writer. Hemingway’s life was filled with death and violence, which gave Hemingway deep pain both physically and mentally, though in some aspects, they benefited him by teaching him priceless philosophies. However, Hemingway gained a worldwide reputation and great success, which was mostly due to his talent and his “grace under pressure . References Baker, Carlos. Ernest Hemingway Critiques of Four Major Novels[M]. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1962. Baker, Carlos. Hemingway: The Writer as Artist[M]. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1956. Burgess, Anthony. Hemingway and His World. Norwich: Thames and Hudson, 1978. Carter, Richard. Celebrating Ernest Hemingway's Century. August 1999. 4 May 2002. Hays, P. L. Ernest Hemingway[M]. New York: Continuum, 1990. Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1961. Lynn, Kenneth. Hemingway. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987. McMichael, George. Anthology of American Literature[M]. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1974. Tao, Jie. Hemingway’s Art[M]. Beijing: World Publishing Corporation, 1992. Warren, Robert Penn. American Literature: The Makers and the Making[M]. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1973. Wu, Weiren. History and Anthology of American Literature[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1990. Zhang, Boxiang. Selected Readings in English and American Literature[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1999. |
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