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| （3）这个语篇全长145个单词，句子平均长度是16.1个单词, 最短的两句是末尾的句{8}和句{9}，都只有5个单词，最长的两句是句{4}和句{6}，刚好都有28个单词，其余句子都超过10个单词，其中开头的句{1}和句{3}分别有20个单词和21个单词。这样特殊的编排，是想通过最后的两个简单有力的小句作为结尾，与前文造成强烈的反差，给人留下深刻的印象，持久回味。 （4）演讲者马丁•路德•金是著名民权运动领袖、演讲家，他采用了平白的陈述语气，与广播新闻相似的语篇体裁，目的是客观地、完整地再现事件发生的整个过程，同时通过写实的叙述向大众尽快传递帕克斯夫人被捕的这一信息，号召广大非洲裔美国人起来反对种族隔离和种族歧视，进行非暴力抗议。 功能句法分析有利于改善高职高专学生对语篇句子语义方面的理解。教师在精读课的教学过程中，指导学生学习和运用功能句法分析理论，让学生认识到语言形式与语义和语境的关系，从而弥补传统语法在语言分析过程中只重表层形式，轻视内在意义的不足。 参考文献 Halliday, M. A. K. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. 2nd ed[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, London: Edward Arnold (Publishers) Limited, 2000. Johnson, Keith. An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching. 3rd ed[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2002. Thompson, G. Introducing Functional Grammar[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, London: Edward Arnold (Publishers) Limited, 2000. 陈才宇编. 美国散文小书屋[M]. 上海：世界图书出版公司，1998. 黄国文. 语篇分析的理论与实践[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000. 李悦娥、范宏雅. 话语分析[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002. 附录： A Momentous Arrest M. L. King {1}On December 1, 1955, an attractive Negro seamstress, Mrs. Rosa Parks, boarded the Cleveland Avenue Bus in downtown Montgomery. {2}She was returning home after her regular day's work in the Montgomery Fair—a leading department store. {3}Tired from long hours on her feet, Mrs. Parks sat down in the first seat behind the section reserved for whites. {4}Not long after she took her seat, the bus operator ordered her, along with three other Negro passengers, to move back in order to accommodate boarding white passengers. {5}By this time every seat in the bus was taken. {6}This meant that if Mrs. Parks followed the driver's command she would have to stand while a white male passenger, who had just boarded the bus, would sit. {7}The other three Negro passengers immediately complied with the driver's request. {8}But Mrs. Parks quietly refused. {9}The result was her arrest. |
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