2012高考英语考点专题讲练:形容词和副词(2)

2012-01-12 11:13:51 来源:育路高考网

    II.连系动词与形容词

    象get,grow,become,feel,appear,prove ,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,go,turn,remain等这些动词既可以用作为实义动词又可以用作连系动词,因而要根据上下文语境判断究竟是什么性质的动动词才能正确解题。

    请看下面这道选择题:

    ▲We don't care if a hunting dog smells_____,but we really don't want him to smell_____.

    A. well; well B. bad; badly C. well; badly D. badly; bad

    第一个“smell”是“闻起来”的意思,是连系动词,用形容词。第二个“smell”是实义动词,用副词来修饰;此外well作形容词是表示人身体好、气色好,用在此句中不行,只能作副词用。答案是B.句意是:“我们不在乎猎狗闻起来难闻,但是我们确实不希望它的嗅觉力差。

    III.形容词、副词比较等级的用法

    形容词、副词有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级,其构成形式如下:

    规则变化:单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级

构成法

原级

比较级

最高级

一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est

tall

taller

tallest

以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st

nice

nicer

nicest

以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est

big

bigger

biggest

"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改yi,再加-er-est

busy

busier

busiest

少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est

clever

narrow

cleverer

narrower

cleverest

narrowest

其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加moremost来构成比较级和最高级

important

easily

more important

more easily

most important

most easily

    不规则变化

原级

比较级

最高级

good/well

better

best

bad/ill

worse

worst

old

older/elder

oldest/eldest

much/many

more

most

little

less

least

far

farther/further

farthest/furthest

    注意:many,old和far比较级及最高级用法的区别

    ①如果后接名词时,much more +不可数名词,many more +可数名词复数。

    ②old有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest.elder,eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。

    My elder brother is an engineer.

    Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.

    ③far有两种比较级,farther,further……在英语中两者都可指距离。

    在美语中,father表示距离,further表示进一步

    I have nothing further to say.

    1.原级的用法

    表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as)+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数+ as+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构。

    Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.

    This building looks not so (as)high as that one.

    Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .

    This room is three times as large as that one.

    2.比较级的用法

    ①双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”的结构表示;

    This picture is more beautiful than that one.

    注意:

    ▲比较对象的一致性

    请看下面这道选择题:

    The weather in China is different from__ __.

    A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America

    本题意为"中国的天气比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是国家,C不能选。A没有名词,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用来代替可数名词,而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词,所以选D.

    ▲要避免将主语包含在比较对象中

    (错)China is larger than any country in Asia.

    (对)China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

    ▲注意比较对象的省略或隐藏:有时省略或不点明被比较的对象,而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象。

    请看下面这两道选择题:

    If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

    A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time

    本题将比较的对象隐藏在虚拟条件句中,即:与没有考试的时候相比。本题答案选D.

    I don‘t think this film is by far the most boring.I have seen____________.

    A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst

    由前文“我认为这部电影不是最没趣的”可知,“我看过(比这部)更差的电影”,省略了than this one.本题答案是B.

    It takes a long time to go there by train; it's ________by road.

    A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker

    由语境可知,句末省略了than by train,用比较级。本题答案是D.

    ②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示;

    This room is less beautiful than that one.

    ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰;

    He works even harder than before.

    注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中

    间加“the”。

    He is taller by far than his brother.

    He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

    ④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the +比较级(主语+谓语),the +比较级(主语+谓语)”

    的结构(意为“越……越……”);

    The harder he works, the happier he feels.

    ⑤不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级+ and+比较级”的结构;

    The weather is getting colder and colder.

    The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

    ⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than.这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较

    好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等;

    He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.

    ⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词;

    The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.

    A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

    ⑧否定词+比较级

    该结构用否定形式表示肯定意义。要掌握该结构的用法,须注意以下几点:

    ▲该结构多为“can't /couldn't +比较级”的形式

    I can't agree with you more.我再同意你的意见不过了。(或:我完全同意你的意见。)

    The weather couldn't be worse.天气再糟糕不过了。

    He couldn't have done better.他做得再好不过了。

    ▲用于该结构中的否定词除了not之外,还有no,never,nothing等

    This could give her no greater pleasure.这使她再高兴不过了。

    There's nothing cheaper.这东西再便宜不过了。

    There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

    为朋友而放弃生命的爱是最伟大的爱。

    ▲当该结构中的比较级为less时,其意义为“一点也不”

    试比较:He couldn't care more.他非常介意。(或:他最关心不过了。)

    He couldn't care less.他毫不介意。(或:他最漠不关心了。)

    注意:反过来用肯定形式表示否定意义。这种用法主要见于:

    ▲know better than+不定式。这种结构意为“不至于”

    You have a better command of French than to make such mistakes.

    你的法语较好,不至于犯这样的错误。

    He is more experienced than to do such a thing.

    他比较有经验,不至于做这样的事。

    ▲more than…can.这种句型形式上是肯定,实际上有否定含义

    The boys in the street have become very insolent and it is more than flesh and blood can bear.

    街上的男孩变得非常无礼,到了人所不能忍受的地步。

    The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.

    那地方美得无法形容。

    ⑨倍数表达法

    ▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.

    The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.

    这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。

    ▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

    Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

    ▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

    Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

    用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.

  (责任编辑:张影)

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