Financing is the key to most real estate transactions , so if you are buying real estate for your personal use , consumer credit considerations are of paramount importance . Unlike the standard stock leveraging scheme , where the debt is capped at 50 percent of the principal value of the transaction , the standard debt-to-asset ratio in real estate or what the banks call the loan-to-value ratio , is 80 percent ,with a 20 percent down payment . In such an instance , the lender looks as much to the credit of the borrower as to the value of the property , to be sure of repayment . Hence , your record of payment of other debts , or lack thereof , will be a critical factor in whether or not you get credit for a home purchase . Other factors that come into play are your overall financial picture . If you have large amounts of other assets such as stocks , that will help . Retirement assets such as individual retirement accounts (IRAs) cannot be used to secure loans , but even they may indirectly count in a borrower’s favor as evidence of astuteness .
If you are buying property for rental as a business , then more businesslike considerations apply . The bank will still want to evaluate loan-to-value and income-to-debt service ratios , but may give lesser weight to your personal financial situation . Your past business experience , either in real estate or in other areas , will be taken into account , as will your business credit record . In unusual cases , the lender may require you to sign for loans personally , in which case your personal financial situation will matter . There are several types of lenders . The most common one is a financial institution such as a bank or a savings and loan . A second is government agencies such as Veteran’s Administration or the Federal Housing Authority . The third source of financing is owner financing .
对于大多数房地产交易来说，关键在于资金问题的解决。一旦你决定买房，重中之重便是考虑消费品信用贷款。与标准存量中要求债务上限为交易本金的50%的平衡计划不同，在房市中，标准负债与资产比率（银行称之为贷款与价值比率）可达80%，只需20%的预付定金。在这种情况下，贷方把借方的信誉和资产看得同样重要，以确保借方有能力偿还债务。所以，你的其它债务的还款记录（或者记录缺失）将会成为致命因素，直接影响你能否获得购房信贷。当然，还有一些因素在起着作用，它们也会影响你的整个筹资计划。你如果有大量的诸如股票之类的另类资产的话，这会对你的信贷非常有利。个人退休金帐户之类的退休资产虽然不能用来做贷款担保，可即便如此，它们却会证明你很精明，并因此而博得贷方的好感。
如果你购房是为了商业经营，那你就需要一步步深思熟虑。银行仍然会对你的贷款与价值和工资与债务的偿还比率进行评估，但可能会低估你的个人财务状况。你的商业信贷记录也会被纳入评估的考虑范围，以往的经营经验（房地产或是其它领域）也会被予以考虑。特殊情况下，贷方可能要求本人亲自签收贷款，此时，你的个人财务状况就会与此挂钩。贷方分为好多种。最常见的就是银行和信用合作社等金融机构。第二种就是退伍军人管理局和联邦房屋管理局的政府机构。第三种资金来源就是业主融资。 |
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