Directions : In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the ex act words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
The judgment that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health is the result of more than 30 years of research (36) on by hundreds of scientists in this country and abroad. The (37) that cigarette smoking is a significant health (38). is supported by every medical and health agency in the world which is known to have (39) an opinion on the matter.
While cigarette smokers (40) to have higher death rates than non-smokers, 80% of the (41) deaths associated with this habit are caused by three major diseases. They are lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and emphysema. Lung cancer was a (42) . disease 50 years ago. Today, it is (43) that 60,000 men and women per year in the United States will die of this disease. Among men it is the most common cause of death from cancer.
Cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. Although chronic irritation from certain chemical substances, radiation, viruses, occupational hazards, air pollution, (44) . To those who smoke, however, they can be important in increasing the risks still further. (45)
Laboratory studies have isolated from tobacco smoke a number of chemical compounds that can cause cancer. (46) |
