| Now the Bush team is pushing hard an idea which is inherited from the Clinton administration and which, in some way, builds on the debt-relief initiative. For the very poorest countries, Ameri- ca strongly favors moving from loans to grants, though other industrial-country donors are still doubtful of the wisdom of this. Giving grants, they argue, will cut future aid flows because some of the funding for loans on generous terms comes from money which has been repaid to donors. America takes the view that, since many developing-country loans will never be repaid, main- ly because the recipients (接受者)cannot afford to make large payments to their creditors, it makes more sense to treat them as grants in the first place. The Bush administration has threatened to hold up the provision of the funds used for this sort of aid, International Development Assistance(IDA), if it cannot persuade everyone else to come on board. All members talked about having made progress in this area, but it remains a stumbling block. Work is also under way in the IMF and the G7 to reform the international financial system. This now has two objectives. One is to make it harder for terrorist organizations to obtain funding by cracking down on moneylaundering and increasing financial transparency. The other is to reduce the occurrence and severity of financial crises in emerging-market countries. On this, American views seem to have prevailed. The G7 meeting on April 19th and 20th ended with an unexpected decision to proceed with an American plan to include collective action clauses in future loans taken out by emerging-market governments. The idea is that in the event of a delay of payment -- such as that by Argentina last December -- a government could negotiate with a "super majority" of its creditors to restructure its debts, rather than, as now, have a small minority of creditors able to weaken such attempts. This market-based approach is still controversial, and implementing it could be difficult given the previous reluctance of governments to include such clauses in loan contracts ( lest they appear to be signaling a readiness to default (拖欠) even as they borrow). Work on IMF plans for more far- reaching reforms of supreme debt, on which the Bush team recently appeared to pour cold water, is to proceed at the same time. The two approaches, said the G7, are "complementary". 57. According to the passage, America favors moving from loans to grants on the purpose of A．making more money for the donors B．relieving debt of the poorest countries C．solving the problem of poverty completely D．collecting more money for future aid to other countries 58. It can be seen that the undertaking of moving from loans to grants A．makes no progress at all B．makes progress smoothly C．still face some difficulties D．will achieve its success in near future 59. The purpose of the reform of the international financial system includes A．relieving the debt of poor countries B．establishing a global financial market C．distributing money more fairly in the world D．preventing the possible financial crisis and terrorists to raise money through the system 60. It can be inferred from Para. 3 that at present A．a country can never expect to reconstruct its debts B ．a country can reconstruct its debt with the permission of IMF C．a country in default cannot reconstruct its debts without the permission of all of its creditors D．a country in default can reconstruct its debts by acquiring the permission of most of its creditors 61. The implementing of the market-based approach may get to be smoother if A．American does more to help the poor B．the Bush team doesn't pour cold water C．the emerging-market countries try harder D．the governments of creditors are always ready to restructure the debts of its debtors 【结构剖析】议论文。本文开篇谈到布什政府在国际债务提供方式上推行的政策，即不再提供贷款而是直接拨款提供援助；接着谈到IMF及G7在国际金融体系方面所做的改革，指出改革的目的有两个：其一是通过打击洗钱和增加透明度阻止恐怖组织获取资金，其二是降低金融危机的发生频率和严重程度。 57．【设题处】观点处设题 |
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