| The United States is said to have a mixed economy because privately Owned business and government both play important roles. Indeed, some of the most enduring debates of American economic history focus on the relative roles of the public and private sectors. The American free enterprise system emphasizes private ownership. Private businesses produce most goods and services, and almost two-thirds of the nation's total economic output goes to individuals for personal use (the remaining one-third is bought by government and business). The consumer role is so great, in fact, that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a "consumer economy". This emphasis on private ownership arises, in part, froth American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time the nation was created, Americans have feared excessive government power, and they have sought to limit government's authority over individuals -- including its role in the economic realm. In addition, Americans generally believe that an economy characterized by private owner- ship is likely to operate more efficiently than one with substantial government ownership. When economic forces are unfettered, Americans believe, supply and demand determine the prices of goods and services. Prices, in turn, tell businesses what to produce; if people want more of particular goods than the economy is producing, the price of the goods rises. That catches the attention of new or other companies that, sensing an opportunity to earn profits, start producing more of that goods. On the other hand, if people want less of the goods, prices fall and less competitive producers either go out of business or start producing different goods. There are limits to free enterprise, however. Americans have always believed that some services are better performed by public rather than private enterprise. For instance, in the United States, government is primarily responsible for the administration of justice, education, the road system, and national defense. In this mixed economy, individuals Can help guide the economy not only through the choices they make as consumers but through the votes they cast for officials who Shape' economic policy. In recent years, consumers have voiced concerns about product safety, environmental threats posed by certain industrial practices, and potential health risks citizens may face; government has responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare. 57. According to the passage, the U. S. is sometimes called a "consumer economy" because A most goods and services are produced by consumers B ．privately owned business plays a major role in the economy C．individual consumption plays a major role in the economy. D ．consumers' rights are very important in the U. S. 58. From the first sentence of the third paragraph, we learn that A．American political beliefs have influenced its economic system B Americans fear excessive governmental control of the economy C private ownership is important because of American beliefs in personal freedom D personal freedom is the basis for private ownership in the U. S. 59. In Line 1, Para. 4, the expression "economic forces are unfettered" means A ．prices are determined by consumers B ．supply and demand are allowed to operate freely C ．economic regulations are not enforced D ．the economy is growing 60. The last paragraph tells us that A a mixed economy is guided by both individual citizens and the government B the role of the government in a mixed economy is more important than that of the consumer C ．individual Americans can influence the economy in multiple ways D ．the government does not regard the concerns of individual citizens 61. This passage is mainly about A ．how average Americans view their economic system B ．the role of the government in the American economy C ．how supply and demand determine prices in the American economy D the roles of the public and private sectors in the American economy 【结构剖析1说明文。本文主要介绍了美国的混合型经济中私有企业和政府在经济中各自发挥的作用。文章首先分别论述了两者在经济中的重要作用，然后指出在混合型经济结构中，个人和政府共同参与经济的管理。 |
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