2012高考英语考点专题讲练:代词和数词(3)
7.it的用法
①用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事情。
This bike is not mine. It‘s Peter’s.
②用以代替提示代词this， that
—What is this？ —It‘s a pen.
—Whose book is that？ —It‘s Mike’s.
③起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物
—Who is knocking at the door？ —It‘s me.
—Who is making such a noise. —It must be the children.
④指环境情况等。
It was very quiet at the moment.
⑤指时间，季节，天气，气候等
—What time is it？ —It is eight o‘clock.
It often rains in summer.
⑥指距离
It is five kilometers from the office to my home.
It is a long way to the factory.
⑦作形式主语和形式宾语
当动词不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语
It is not easy to finish the work in two days.
It is not a good habit to stay up late.
It is no use crying over split milk.
It is a pity that you didn‘t read the book……
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式，动名词，宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前
I think it no use arguing with him.
I found it very interesting to study English.
He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
注意：see to it that…（务必）和take it for granted that…（想当然）句型中的it，以及词组make it
中的it（做事成功，搞定）。
⑧用于强调结构（详见专题九）
要强调句子的某一部分（通常是主语，状语，宾语）， 可以把it 当作先行词。这种句子的结构是 “It is（was）+被强调部分+that （who ）+句子的其余部分” .如果强调的部分是人，可用who whom 代替that
I met an old friend in the park yesterday.
此句各部分被强调后句型如下：
It was I who /that met an old friend in the park yesterday.
It was an old friend who/ that/whom I met in the park yesterday.
It was in the park that I met an old friend yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the park.
（二）数词
数词分两类：基数词和序数词
I.基数词：表示数目的词为基数词。其表达式：
1.21-99的两位数，在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成。如：fifty- three （53）
2.101-999的三位数由hundred加and再加两位数或末位数。
three hundred and twenty-five （325）
3.基数词hundred，thousand，million，billion表示确切数目时不能加s
five thousand students （五千个学生）
但在表示不确切数目时，要用复数形式，如：hundreds of/thousands of students（许多学生）
4.dozen和score的复数形式应注意以下几点：
①dozen表示：一打，十二个，score表示：二十；
②当dozen与数词，或many，several等连用时，不加“s”，所修饰的名词前常省去“of‘；score则不然。
two dozen pencils两打铅笔
two score of pencils四十支铅笔
dozens of people=scores of people许多人
③当后面的名词前有"these"，“those"，”them"，" us"等词时， dozen后应加"of ".
a dozen of these people
two dozen of them
three score and ten people中不加of（七十人）
II.序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词。其表达式：
1.序数词一般由基数词后+th构成，前面一般加定冠词the，表示“第几”
the two hundredth，the eighteenth
加不定冠词，则意为“又一，再一”。
I like the film very much， so I want to see it a second time.
2.以ty结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y改成i，再加eth.如：the twentieth，the fiftieth
3.不规则的序数词有以下几个：first，second，third，fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth
4.“二十”以上的多位数，个位数用序数词，其余仍用基数词。
ninety-third one hundred and forty-ninth
5.基数词与序数词连用时，通常是序数词在前
the first two pages of the book（这本书的前两页）
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