经济金融术语汉英对照表（二）

　　F
　　发行货币 to issue currency
　　发行总股本 total stock issue
　　法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement
　　法人股 institutional shares
　　法人股东 institutional shareholders
　　法治 rule of law
　　房地产投资 real estate investment
　　放松银根 to ease monetary policy
　　非现场稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring）
　　非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions
　　非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations
　　分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system
　　分业经营 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions
　　风险暴露（风险敞口） risk exposure
　　风险管理 risk management
　　风险意识 risk awareness
　　风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios
　　风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard
　　服务事业收入 public service charges;user's charges
　　扶贫 poverty alleviation
　　负增长 negative growth
　　复式预算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account
　　G
　　改革试点 reform experimentation
　　杠杆率 leverage ratio
　　杠杆收购 leveraged buyout
　　高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest
　　个人股 non-institutional shares
　　根本扭转 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）
　　公开市场操作 open market operations
　　公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts
　　公用事业 public utilities
　　公有经济 the state-owned sector;the public sector
　　公有制 public ownership
　　工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio
　　工业增加值 industrial value added
　　供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply
　　鼓励措施 incentives
　　股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises
　　股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises
　　股份制银行 joint-equity banks
　　固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans
　　关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption
　　关税减让 tariff concessions
　　关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment
　　规范行为 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior
　　规模效益 economies of scale
　　国计民生 national interest and people's livelihood
　　国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals
　　国家风险 country risk
　　国际分工 international division of labor
　　国际收支 balance of payments
　　国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks
　　国有经济（部门） the state-owned（or public）sector
　　国有企业 state-owned enterprises（SOEs）
　　国有制 state-ownership
　　国有资产流失 erosion of state assets
　　国债回购 government securities repurchase
　　国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities
　　过度竞争 excessive competition
　　过度膨胀 excessive expansion
　　过热迹象 signs of overheating
　　H
　　合理预期 rational expectation
　　核心资本 core capital
　　合资企业 joint-venture enterprises
　　红利 dividend
　　宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance
　　宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals
　　宏观调控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment）
　　宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives（or targets）
　　坏账 bad debt
　　还本付息 debt service
　　换汇成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings
　　汇兑在途 funds in float
　　汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank
　　汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates
　　活期存款 demand deposits
　　汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment
　　混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership
　　货币政策态势 monetary policy stance
　　货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers
　　J
　　基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure
　　基本经济要素 economic fundamentals
　　基本适度 broadly appropriate
　　经济金融术语汉英对照表（续表二）
　　所有者权益 owner's equity
　　T
　　逃税（请见“避税”） tax evasion
　　套汇 （1）指合法：currency swap;arbitrage（2）指非法：illegal purchase of foreign exchange
　　剔除季节性因素 seasonally adjusted
　　调节流动性 to influence liquidity level
　　贴现窗口 discount window
　　同比 on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year
　　同业拆借（放） inter-bank borrowing（lending）
　　同业拆借市场利率（中国） CHIBOR（China inter-bank offered rate）
　　同业融通票据 inter-bank financing bills
　　同业往来 inter-bank transactions
　　透支 overdraft
　　退税 tax refund（rebate）
　　头寸 position
　　吞吐基础货币 adjustment of monetary base
　　脱媒现象 disintermediation