[参考译文]有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇,例如轻踩刹车以操纵经济软着陆,使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。
[结构剖析]在第一个句子中,其主干为Much of the language……, makes it sound like……。used to describe monetary policy是用于修饰language的定语,后面的such as steering the economy to a soft landing of a touch on the brakes是对前面的language进行进一步说明。第二个句子是一个简单句。
[阅读重点]如上所述的句子主干被确定之后,句子就不难理解了。为了简化这个句子以便于理解,可以先把such as引导的部分忽略不看,那样整个句子就比较好掌握了。注意make it sound like a precise science当中it指代前面提到的monetary policy.
2、Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
[参考译文]因此这样的类比(就如同)把执行货币政策比作驾驶着一辆涂黑了挡风玻璃,打碎了后视镜,并且方向盘无法正常工作的汽车。
[结构剖析]这句话承接前面陈述的原因。hence后面只是一个名词词组,中心词是the analogy,后面that引导定语从句修饰前面的analogy with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview and a faulty steering wheel是介词词组修饰前面的名词car.注意此句没有谓语动词,只是一个名词性的短语。
[阅读重点]理解这句话的关键在于hence的用法。hence的意思是for this reason,因此,所以,主要用于书面语,是副词,可以连接一个完整的句子,也可以只跟一个名词。例如:Baby found a pot of paint,hence all the marks on the wall.另外liken A to B意思是把A与B相比,把A比作B.
3、Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conentional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America‘s, have little productive slack.
[参考译文]经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶,因为传统的计量方法显示两国的经济,特别是美国的经济,几乎没有生产萧条的时候。
[结构剖析]这是一个主从复合句,连词since连接了两句子。主句的主干是Economists have been……surprised by……。原因状语从句的主干是conventional measures suggest that……,代词that引导了宾语从句作为suggest的宾语。在这个宾语从句中,and especially America‘s相当于especially America’s economy,是前面主语both economies的同位语,用于强调美国经济。
[阅读重点]这里应该首先注意到since这个连词,然后分别理解两个句子,再把它们放在一起,这个句子的意思就迎刃而解了。另外注意suggest不是建议的意思,而应该是显示,指示。
语言点详解
1. monetary货币的
[大纲词汇] monetary a.金融的,货币的
[经典例句] The new monetary policy will help revitalize the economy.
2. steering sth to引导
[大纲词汇] steer v.驾驶,掌握
[经典例句] The receptionist steered her to the meeting room.
3. soft landing软着陆
4. a touch on the brakes踩刹车
[大纲词汇] brake n./v……制动(器),刹车,闸
5. precise精确的
[大纲词汇] precise a.精确的,准确的
[经典例句] He finished the task by following his precise instructions.
6. be further from the truth离真理更远了
[大纲词汇] further ad./a.更远(的),更往前(的);进一步(的)further from(far from)的比较级,表示离…更远
[经典例句]If you follow this direction,you will be further from your destination.
7. long, variable lags长期,多变的滞后状况
[大纲词汇]lag n./.落后(于),滞后(于)variable a.易变的;可变的,变量的;n.变量
8. analogy类比
[大纲词汇] analogy n比拟,类比analog/analogue n.类似物;模拟
[经典例句]I see no analogy between your problems and mine.
9. liken把…比作
[扩充词汇] liken v.把…比作(to)
[经典例句] He likens the archeologist to detective searching for ancient clues.
10. conduct管理方式
[大纲词汇] conduct n.行为,品行,举动v.引导,带领;处理,管理;指挥(乐队);传导,传(热,电等)
[经典例句]His conduct of the business was very successful.
11. windscreen(汽车上的)挡风玻璃
12. rearview(车辆上的)后视镜
13. faulty有毛病的
[大纲词汇] faulty a.有缺点的,有错误的fault n.过失,过错;缺点,毛病
[经典例句]The accident was owing to the faulty design of the car.
14. steering wheel(汽车上的)方向盘
15. boast about夸耀
[大纲词汇] boast v.(of,about)自夸,夸耀;n.自夸,大话
[经典例句] He boasted to us about the new car he purchased lately.
16. of late比较近以来
[扩充词汇]of late比较近以来
[经典例句]He looked very tired of late
17. inflation通货膨胀
[大纲词汇] inflation n.通货膨胀
[经典例句] New policies were made to curb inflation.
18. double-digit两位数
19. forecaster预测者
[大纲词汇] forecast v./n.预测,预报
[衍生词汇] forecaster n.天气预报员;(经济形式的预测者)
[经典例句] He works as a business forecaster.
20. predict预测
[大纲词汇] predict v.预测,预言,预告
[经典例句]It did snow in the afternoon as he predicted.
21.panel专门小组
[大纲词汇] panel n.面,板;控制板,仪表盘;专门小组
[经典例句] The panel of experts decided to meet on Monday.
22. poll民意测验
[大纲词汇] poll n.民意测验;(pl.)政治选举,大选;v.对一进行民意测验;获得…选票
[经典例句] The Republican candidate won a bigger margin in the latest poll.
23. There is no flash in the pan.情况并未发生逆转。
[扩充词汇] flash来回的转换;pan平底锅
24. favourable有利的
[大纲词汇] favourable/ favorable a.赞许的,有利的,顺利的
[词汇比较] favorite/favourite a.比较喜欢的,中意的注意;两词同是favor的衍生词汇,但意思不同,注意区别。
[经典例句] The situation will develop in the direction favorable to his rivals.
25. productive slack生产萧条
[大纲词汇] slack a.懈怠的,懒散的,松弛的,不紧的;萧条的;n.淡季,萧条;[pl.]便裤,运动裤
[经典例句] There is a certain amount of slack in the car industry at the moment.
26. utilisation利用
[大纲词汇] utilization / untilization n.利用utilize/utilise v.利用utility n.有用,效用
[经典例句」The utilisation of solar energy has partly solved environmental problems in this area.
27. take off开始
[扩充词义]take off开始,开始流行
[经典例句]The design first took off in American colleges.
25. thrilling令人震惊的
[大纲词汇] thrill n.令人激动的事;v.使激动,使兴奋;使毛骨谏然
[衍生词汇]thrilling a.令人震惊的,令人激动的
[经典例句] The story has a thrilling climax at the end.
29. defective有缺陷的
[大纲词汇]defect n.缺点,缺陷
[衍生词汇] defective a.有缺陷的
[经典例句] He returned the defective goods to the salesman……
30. upend颠倒
[扩充词汇] upend v.颠倒,使倒立,倒放;打倒,推翻
[经典例句]He upended the wine bottle over his glass,but only a drop or two ran out.
31. foresee预见
[大纲词汇] foresee v.预见,预知
[经典例句] The captain foresaw the danger ahead.
32. bo comparable to可比较的
[大纲词汇] comparable a.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的
[经典例句] The dinner was comparable to the best French cooking.
33. be puzzled by迷惑
[大纲词汇] puzzle v.(使)迷惑,(使)为难;n.难题,谜,迷惑
[经典例句] We are all puzzled by his abnormal behavior.
34. be amazed at对…感到惊讶
[大纲词汇] amaze v.使惊愕,使惊奇,是惊叹
[经典例句] I was amazed at the news.
全文翻译
很多用来描述货币政策的词,如引导经济软着陆,触动经济刹车,听起来像是一门精确的科学。事实远非如此。利率和通货膨胀之间的关系难以确定。在政策改变对经济产生影响前会有一段较长时间且变化不定的后滞期。因此,才会有人将货币政策的指导比做是驾驶一辆带有黑色挡风玻璃、后视镜破碎及方向盘失灵的汽车。
尽管有这么多不利因素,中央银行家们似乎对近来的形势有了不少值得夸耀的东西。西方七大工业国去年的平均通货膨胀率降至仅2.3%,接近30年来的比较低水平。今年7月略微升高到2.5%。这远远低于许多国家在70年代和80年代早期经历的两位数的膨胀率。
这也低于许多预测者预测的数字。1994年底,每月接受《经济学家》意见调查的一组经济学家指出,美国在1995年的平均通货膨胀率将达到3.5%。实际上,8月份就降到了2.6%。而且有望达到全年平均仅为3%。去年年底,英国和日本的通货膨胀率实际上比预测的要低半个百分点。这不是昙花一现。在过去几年里,英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预测水平。
经济学家对英美两国有利的通胀率感到特别诧异,因为传统的计量方法表明两国经济,特别是美国经济几乎没有生产萧条的时候。比如,美国的生产力利用率在今年前段时间达到了历史比较高水平,失业率(8月份为5.6%)已降到低于对自然失业率的大多数估测-过去,当比率低于自然失业率时,通货膨胀率早已迅速上升。
为何通货膨胀如此的和缓?可惜的是,这比较令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为,世界经济结构强有力的变化已经推翻了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史上相互关联为基础的旧的经济模式。
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