[阅读重点] 第一句中的重点是掌握 to make life easier 这个表述方法,其它部分都是辅助这个短语的。另外,对于 flap 一词的理解也至关重要,在这里它的意思是焦虑、兴奋状态的意思。第二句中的主干是 defend somebody on the grounds of something(为某种理由或手段为某人辩护)。expression 这里的意思是 the quality of singing or playing a musical instrument with feeling,即表达方式、腔调,尤指雄辩的语调、富有表情的唱腔。注意 consistently 是一贯地,一向地的意思,不要与 constantly 混淆。
2、The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be…
[参考译文] 对任何一个民主社会的考验,他在《华尔街杂志》的一个专栏文章中写到,不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达,而在于这个社会是否能给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由,不管有时候这种结果是多么的富有争议或令人不快……
[结构剖析] 这里直接引语被分成两部分,一部分在主句前,另一部分放在主句之后。在这个例子里面,直接引语是主句的宾语。直接引语的主干是 The test…… lies not in…… but in……, however……,这是一个用副词 however 连接的并列复合句。
[阅读重点] 阅读时可以先不看直接引语,可以在分别搞清楚主句和作为宾语从句的直接引语的意思后再把主句和直接引语放在一起理解,这样就比较容易了。另一方面,要理解 however 引导的句子的意思,在这里可以把其理解为不管、不论,在这种用法中,however 一般后面接形容词。
补充难句翻译
1、Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?
[参考译文] 上星期参议员罗博特多尔质问时代华纳公司的高级管理人员们:难道这就是你们希望能够成就的事业?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂,但是难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家,威胁我们的孩子们吗?
[结构剖析] 这是一个有直接引语的复杂句。首先抓住核心句 Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week,其前后是直接引语。这个直接引语的前半部分是一个一般疑问句,后面由两个转折关系的句子构成,由连词 but 连接。第一个分句是一个简单句,but 后面的句子是一个一般疑问句。由情态动词 must 引导,包括由 and 这个连词连的两个并列部分,corrupt our nation 和 threaten our children as well 在后面 threaten out children as well 这部分的主语 you 被省略了。
[阅读重点] 关键要理解 but 后面的一般疑问句,这里并不是表示疑问,而是反问、诘问的意思。当并列复合句的第二个子句的主语与第一个子句的主语相同时,第二个子句的主语可以省。as well 这里是 in addition、also、too 也的意思,经常用于句尾。
2、It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.
[参考译文] 这是一种在不同时期会涉及责任、创作自由和公司底线问题的自我反省。
[结构剖析] 这是一个有定语从句的复杂句。阅读时首先注意主干为 It is a self-examination…;that 后面引导的是限定性定语从句,修饰 self-examination;定语从句的宾语是一个 of 词组,其核心是 issues;在介词 of 后面是三个并列的短语,都是用来修饰和限定 issues 的。这三个短语因为是并列的关系,所以只在比较后一个短语前面使用并列连词 and。at various times 是插入语,将动词的两部分分开了。
[阅读重点] 这句话的核心在于 self-examination,后面的部分都是用于修饰这个词,要正确理解其意思是自我反省、自我检讨。而 corporate bottom line 所指的是一个公司所能做出的事情或者所能容忍的新闻工作者自由发挥的比较大限度。
3、During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting, Levin asserted that music is not the cause of society’s ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
[参考译文] 在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中,莱文宣称说:音乐不是社会问题的原因,他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师,并用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。
[结构剖析] 句子的主干是 Levin asserted that…… that even cited……。During…… stockholder’s meeting 这一部分是表示时间的状语从句。music is not the cause of society’s ills 是直接引语,作为动词 asserted 的宾语。his son 是动词 cited 的宾语,后面的 a teacher in the Bronx, New York 是宾语 his son 的同位语,比较后面的 who uses rap to communicate with students 是修饰 his son 的定语从句。
[阅读重点] 这个句子比较长,但是只要抓住 … Levin asserted that… and even cite…这样的句子主干,就能明晰 Levin 的主要观点,其它部分的理解也就水到渠成了。
4、I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.
[参考译文] 我想大概情况是这样的:与公司有关系的一些人直到比较近才意识到这一点。
[结构剖析] I think……是这句话的主干,后面的部分是这句话的宾语从句。在宾语从句当中 that 引导一个同位语从句,说明 case 的具体情况是 some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this。associated with 相当于简略的定语从句,修饰前面的 people。
[阅读重点] 重点是要理解 that 引导的是同位语从句,后面的部分说明 case 的具体情况。名词 fact、dream、idea、notion、proposal 和 news 等等都常常被同位语从句所修饰。
语言点详解
1. contribute to促成
[大纲词汇] contribute v.(to)贡献,捐助,捐献;投稿
contribution n.贡献;捐献(物)
[扩充词汇] contribute to促成,有助于
[经典例句] Air pollution contributes to quite a number of diseases.
2. accomplish实现
[大纲词汇] accomplish v.完成
[经典例句] They are ordered to accomplish to mission in 3 days.
3. corrupt使…腐化
[大纲词汇] corrupt v.贿赂,收买;a.腐化的,贪污的
[衍生词汇] corruption n.腐败
[经典例句] He was accused of having corrupted officials in the government.
4. soul-searching良心上的自我反省
[扩充词汇] soul-search v.深刻反省
soul-searching n.深刻反省,自我解剖
5. corporate公司的
[扩充词汇] corporate a.公司的;法人的,合伙的
[经典例句] These deeds will definitely damage the corporate image.
6.bottom line账本底线
7. at the core of在…的中心
[大纲词汇] core n.果核;中心,核心
[经典例句] The issue lies at the core of the discussion.
8. take over接管
[大纲词汇] take over接管,接办
[经典例句] The company went downward since he took over.
9. late已故的
[大纲词汇] late a.迟的,晚的,晚期的;已故的;ad.迟地,晚地
[经典例句] The late president was always respected by the people.
10. on the financial front就财政方面而言
[大纲词汇] front n.前面,正面;前线,战线,阵线a.前面的,前部的v.面对,朝向
[经典例句] The government has made great progress in the educational front.
11. under pressure受到压力
[大纲词汇] pressure n.压(力);强制,压迫,压强
[经典例句] The director was under great pressure to veto the decision.
12. stock price股票价格
13. mountainous山一样的
[大纲词汇] mountainous a.多山的,山一般的
[经典例句] The homework assigned to us is mountainous.
14. close a deal做成一笔交易
[大纲词汇] deal n.数量,程度;交易
[经典例句] The deal is not close yet and it is not the time to celebrate.
15. sell off卖掉
[扩充词汇] sell off卖掉
[经典例句] She sold off her house in downtown and moved to the suburb.
16. restruture重组
[扩充词汇] restructure v.再构成,重建;重组
[经典例句] It is our urgent task to restructure our economy.
17. the flap over rap由于说唱引起的焦虑
[大纲词汇] flap n.垂下物,帽檐,袋盖;n./v.拍打,拍动
[经典例句] Everything was working smoothly and there is no flap.
15. rap music说唱音乐
[扩充词汇] rap n.说唱(一种音乐形式)
19. on the ground of以…为理由
[扩充词汇] on the ground of根据,以…为理由
[经典例句] He refused to give her the job on the ground of ill-health.20.under fire受到攻击
[扩充词汇] under fire受到攻击(批评或责难)
[经典例句] The basic policy is under fire.
21. release发行
[大纲词汇] release v.释放,解放;发表,发行
[经典例句] Her new book was released only a few day ago.
22. outlet发泄的方法
[大纲词汇] outlet n.出路,出口;发泄方法,排遣
[经典例句] The child needs an outlet for all the energy.
23. lie in在于
[大纲词汇] lie v.躺,平放;位于lie in在于
[经典例句] The possible solution of the issue lies in his apology.
24. latitude自由
[大纲词汇] latitude n.纬度
[扩充词义] latitude n.(言语、行动等的)自由
[经典例句] He gave me considerable latitude in how I spend the money.
25. disputable有争议的
[大纲词汇] dispute v.争论
[衍生词汇] disputable a.有争议的,可商榷的
[经典例句] His claim to the land is highly disputable.
26. irritating令人恼火的
[大纲词汇] irritate v.激怒,恼火,使急躁
[衍生词汇] irritating a.令人恼火的
[经典例句] She was terribly disturbed by the irritating noise in the next door.
27. retreat退让
[大纲词汇] retreat v.撤退,退却
[经典例句] She retreated to her desk and continued with her work.
28. in the face of面对
[经典例句] He won‘t give up his effort in the face of difficulty.
29. comment on评论
[大纲词汇] comment n.注释,评论,意见;v.(on)注释,评论
[经典例句] They refused to comment on the conflicts between the two parties.
30. back off放弃(主张)
[扩充词汇] back off(=back down)放弃原来的主张,打退堂鼓
[经典例句] He backed off his opinion under pressure.
31. hard-line强硬路线的
[扩充词汇] hard-line a.(主张采取)强硬路线的,不妥协的hard-liner n.(主张)强硬路线者,不妥协者
[经典例句] The newly elected president insist on hard-line foreign policy.
32. to some extent在某种程度上
[经典例句] The answer is negative to some extent.
33. assert宣称
[大纲词汇] assert v.断言,宣称
[衍生词汇] assertion n.语气肯定的话,断言
[经典例句] He asserted his idea, clearly and loudly.
34. cite引用
[大纲词汇] cite v.引用,引证;举例
[经典例句] He cited Shakespeare in his thesis.
35. launch a drive发起一场运动
[衍生词义] drive n.运动
a sales drive推销运动
[经典例句] The municipal government launched a drive against pollution.
36. label归类
[大纲词汇] label v.贴标签于……,把……称为;n.标签;标记,符号
[经典例句] She labeled the boy a thief.
37. potentially潜在地
[大纲词汇] potential a.潜在的,可能的;势的,位的
[衍生词汇] potentially ad.潜在地
[经典例句] People considered him a Potentially successful businessman.
38. objectionable会引起反对的
[大纲词汇] objection v.(to)反对,异议
[衍生词汇] objectionable a.会引起反对的
[经典例句] He didn‘t realize that it would be an objectionable movie when he shot it.
39. strategy战略
[大纲词汇] strategy n.战略,策略
[经典例句] The government adopted a strategy of massive deflation.
40. First Amendment(美国宪法)第一次修正案
[大纲词汇] amend v.修改,修正
[衍生词汇] amendment n.修改,修正;修正案
41. be associated with与……有关系的
[大纲词汇] associate v.(with)使联系,使联合;交往,结合
[经典例句] They were closely associated with each other in the war.
42. come to realize认识到
[大纲词汇] realize v.认识到,体会到;实现
[经典例句] The school came to realize the necessity of change their method of teaching.
43. be liable to易于…
[大纲词汇] liable a.(for)有责任的,有义务的;(to + infinitive)有……倾向的,易于…的
[经典例句] He is liable to evade his responsibilities.
44. compromise妥协
[大纲词汇] compromise v./n.妥协,折衷
[经典例句] They forced him to compromise, but he refused firmly.
45. stick to坚持
[大纲词汇] stick to坚持;忠于;信守
[经典例句] Everybody knows that his always sticks to principles.
46. yield to屈服
[大纲词汇] yield v.出产,生长;(to)屈服,服从;n.产量,收获
[经典例句] They believed he would yield to his father‘s pressure soon.
全文翻译
没有一家公司乐意听到别人说自己引起了社会的道德败坏。参议员罗伯特?多尔上星期质问时代华纳公司高级人员时说:难道这就是你们要成就的事业吗?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂,难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家,威胁我们的孩子不成?不过,对于成立于1990年的时代华纳公司而言,这样的质问仅仅只是公司自我反思的比较新表白,是在不同时期涉及责任、创作自由和公司底线问题的自我反省。
于1992年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫?罗斯的56岁的现任董事长杰拉德?莱文是争论的焦点人物。财政方面,他承受着抬高股价,减少公司巨额债务的压力。在两笔新的有线电视交易谈妥后,债务将达到173亿美元。他也答应出售部分财产并重组公司,但现在投资者们仍在焦急地等待着。
人们对说唱音乐的焦虑并没使他的日子变得好过。莱文一向以它是一种富于表现力的演唱方式为理由来捍卫公司的说唱音乐。1992年公司因出品Ice-T乐队狂暴的说唱歌曲《警察杀手》后备受谴责时,莱文说这是街头文化的合法表达方式,它应该有自己的宣泄途径。他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道:任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达,而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的比较广泛的自由,尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。我们不会在任何威胁面前退却。
莱文不愿对上周的辩论做出评论,但有迹象表明这位董事长的强硬立场起码在一定程度上有所缓和。在上个月的股东会议上,大家就摇滚乐的歌词进行了讨论。莱文宣称音乐不是社会问题的病因,他甚至还以自己为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师,用说唱乐的表达方式与学生进行交流。但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要保持平衡的问题。他还宣布公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准。
总的来说,时代华纳公司的15位董事是支持莱文和公司的经营策略的。但内部人士透露其中几位对此事表示担忧。我们中的一些人多年来就知道宪法第一修正案所说的自由并非毫无限制,鲁斯说,我想与公司有关系的一些人可能是比较近才意识到这一点。
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