[参考译文] 当然,例外是存在的。在美国,心胸狭窄的官员,粗鲁的侍者,和没有礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见,这使得它值得被讨论一下。
[结构剖析] 第一个句子使用了 there be 句型,其中 of course 是插入语。第二句是主语+系动词+表语结构。第三句话中使用了 so…… that 结构:其中 made so frequently 是过去分词作定语,修饰前面的 observation。
[阅读重点] 第一句中的 of course 作插入语,用逗号与句子的其它部分分开,在开始阅读的时候可以不看。注意第二句话中使用了双重否定表示肯定:hardly unknown 等于pretty well-known。另外注意 so…that 结构的用法:太……以至于。另外 observation 这里的意思是因观察而得出的意见。另外 it deserves comment 中的 it 指代前面的 observation。
2、Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn exce to the nearest cabin or settlement.
[参考译文] 一个人独自旅行的时候,如果饿了,受伤了或生病了,除了比较近的小屋或者村落就无处可以投靠了。
[结构剖析] 这是一个简单句。traveling alone 是现在分词作定语修饰前面的 someone, if hungry, injured, or ill… 实际上是简略的 if 引导的状语从句,相当于 if (he is) hungry, injured, or ill,这里作插入成分。另外 have sth.+动词不定式 这一结构中的动词不定式通常是相当于定语部分,修饰前面的 sth.,这里就是:没有可以投靠(to turn to/动词不定式)的地方(nowhere/sth.)。
[阅读重点] 注意 turn to 这里的引申含义是投靠、求助于、求教于的意思。
3、It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.
[参考译文] 对于旅行者来说,这不是一个可以有多个选择的问题,对于村落里的定居者来说,这也不仅仅是一个发善心的冲动行为。
[结构剖析] 句子的主干 It was not a matter of choice…or merely a charitable impulse…是主语+系动词+表语结构。表语由并列的两部分组成,由 or 来连接。
[阅读重点] on the part of 相当于前面的 for,意思是在……方面、对……而言。
语言点详解
1. courteous 有礼貌的
[大纲词汇] courtesy n.谦恭有礼,有礼貌的举止(或言词)
[衍生词汇] courteous a.谦恭有礼的,殷勤的
[经典例句] His boss is genuinely courteous to his subordinates.
2. to be fair 公平地说
[经典例句] To be fair,his success owes much to his wife's help.
3. exception 特例
[大纲词汇] exception n.例外,除外 with the exception of 除……之外
[经典例句] His brothers are all very tall,but he is an exception.
4. small-minded 心胸狭窄的
[扩充词汇] small-minded a.心胸狭隘的,眼界小的;固执己见的
[联想记忆] far-sighted a.有远见的 clear-headed a.头脑清楚的
5. ill-mannered 无礼的
[扩充词汇] ill-mannered a.无礼的,举止粗鲁的
6. be hardly known 几乎无人知道
[经典例句] The truth of the incident was hardly know to anyone.
7. break 中止
[大纲词汇] break n.打断,中止;中间休息
[经典例句] We have a study break of four days every semester.
8. otherwise 不然
[大纲词汇] otherwise ad.另样地,用别的方法;在其他方面;conj.要不然,否则
[经典例句] He reminded me what I should have otherwise forgotten.
9. existence 生活
[大纲词汇] existence n.存在,实在;生存,生活(方式)
[经典例句] They are working for a better existence.
10. live distant from 住得离…很远
[经典例句] He lives distant from his other relatives.
11. diversion 消遣
[大纲词汇] diversion n.转向,转移
[扩充词义] diversion n.消遣,娱乐
[经典例句] Big cities have a lot of diversions.
12. harsh 严酷的
[扩充词汇] harsh a.粗糙的,难听的,严厉的,严酷的 harshness n.粗糙,严酷,严厉
[经典例句] Their adaptiveness came from coping with harsh conditions.
13. the frontier(美国)靠近未开发地区的已开发地区
[大纲词汇] frontier n.国境,边境;尖端,新领域
14. hospitality 好客
[大纲词汇] hospitality n.好客,殷勤,款待
[衍生词汇] hospitable a.好客的,殷勤的
[经典例句] We were deeply moved by the hospitality of the farmers.
15. settlement 定居点
[大纲词汇] settlement n.解决,决定,调停;居留区,住宅区
[经典例句] Israelis and Palestinians have serious disputes over Israeli new settlements.
16. injured 受伤的
[大纲词汇] injure v.损害,伤害,损伤
[衍生词汇] injured a.受损害的,受伤的
[经典例句] He found his injured finger caused a lot of trouble.
17. charitable 乐善好施的
[大纲词汇] charity n.慈善(团体),仁慈,施舍
[衍生词汇] charitable a.慈悲的,仁爱的,慷慨施舍的
[经典例句] He always takes part in charitable activities.
18. impulse 冲动
[大纲词汇] impulse v.推动; n.推动;冲动,刺激
[经典例句] She tried to repress the impulse to dial his number.
19. on the part of 就…而言;在…一边
[经典例句] He expressed appreciation on the part of his classmates.
20. take in 收留
[大纲词汇] take in 接受,吸收;了解,理解;欺骗
[经典例句] Andy took in a stray dog.
21. take care of 照料
[大纲词汇] take care of 照料,照顾;承担,处理,负责
[经典例句] He asked his girl friend to take care of his dog while he went away for business.
22. specialize in 专门从事
[经典例句] The company specialize in car manufacture.
23. weary 疲倦的
[大纲词汇] weary a.疲倦的;令人厌烦的;v.使疲倦,使厌倦
[经典例句] The pilot was extremely weary with the long time flying.
24. travel through 经过
[经典例句] I was travelling through when I saw the accident.
25. amazing 令人惊讶的
[大纲词汇] amaze v.使惊奇,使惊愕,使惊叹 amazing a.令人惊讶的
[经典例句] The acrobatic show was amazing to all of us.
26. superficial 表面的
[大纲词汇] superficial a.表面的,肤浅的,浅薄的
[经典例句] We were not satisfied with the superficial explanation of the incident.
27. artificial 矫揉造作的
[大纲词汇] artificial a.人工的,人造的;认为的,矫揉造作的
[经典例句] She was wearing an artificial smile when appearing at the door.
28. the result of ……的结果
[大纲词汇] result n.结果,成果,成绩v.(in)导致,结果是;(from)起因于,因…而造成 as a result 结果,因此 as a result of 由于……的结果
[经典例句] We regard our failure as the result of his carelessness.
29. a set of 一套
[经典例句] We expect that a set of rules and regulations will be drawn up.
30. convention 习俗
[大纲词汇] convention n.大会,会议;惯例,常规,习俗;公约,协定
[经典例句] Convention now permits women to wear more colorful clothing.
31. underlie 潜存于…之下
[大纲词汇] underlying a.含蓄的,潜在的;在下面的
[衍生词汇] underlie v.引起,潜存于…之下
[经典例句] Many facts underlay my decision.
32. interrelationship 互相之间的关系
[构词方法] inter-前缀,表示互相,在…之间
[联想记忆] interact v.互相作用 interdependent a.互相依赖的
33. draw conclusion 下结论
[经典例句] He drew the final conclusion through careful analysis.
34. distinguish 分辨
[大纲词汇] distinguish v.(from)区分,辨别;辨认出;使杰出
[经典例句] It is very hard to distinguish the two colors.
35. keep up 保持
[大纲词汇] keep up 保持,维持;继续进行,坚持
[经典例句] The lady always keep up her genuine warmth to people.
全文翻译
去美国访问的人经常带回报告说,大多数美国人对他们友善、好客、乐于助人。公正的说,人们对加拿大人也有这样的评论,因而,应当认为这是北美普遍的现象。当然也有例外。在美国,心胸狭隘的官员,举止粗鲁的招待和毫无礼貌的出租车司机也并非罕见。尽管有不如意的地方,但因为人们常常得出美国人好客的观察意见,因而也就值得议论一番了。
过去很长一段时间,在美国很多地方,旅行者的到来因暂时打破原本的单调生活而受人欢迎。无聊、孤独是居住相对遥远的家庭的普遍问题。陌生人和旅行者很受欢迎,他们带来了娱乐消遣,还带来了外面世界的消息。
开拓者的严酷生活现实也促成了这一好客的传统。单独旅行时,如果挨饿、受伤或生病,通常只能向比较近的小屋或村落求助。对旅行者来说,这不是一个选择的问题;而对当地居民来说,这也并非是行善的一时冲动。它反映了日常生活的严酷:如果你不收留他,那他便无处求助了。请记住,有一天你也可能处于相同的境遇。
如今,有了很多的慈善组织专门帮助疲惫的旅行者。不过,热情接待陌生人的传统在美国仍然很盛行,尤其是在远离旅游热线的小城镇。我只是路过,和这个美国人聊了聊。很快,他就请我到他家吃饭-这真令人惊奇。来美国的旅客谈论此类事件很普遍,但并非总能得到正确理解。很多美国人不经意表现的友好不应被看做是表面或虚假的应酬,而应该看成是文化传统的历史发展结果。
同任何发达国家一样,一系列复杂的文化特征,信念和习俗构成了美国所有社会交往的基础。当然,会讲一种语言并不意味着就理解该语言的社会和文化模式。不能正确诠释文化含义的旅行者往往得出错误的结论。例如,美国人所说的朋友一词,其文化含义可能与旅行者语言和文化中的朋友大相径庭。要想正确区分礼貌是出于文化习俗还是个人兴趣,单凭一次公共汽车上的偶遇是不够的。不过,友好是很多美国人推崇的美德,同时希望邻居和陌生人也能如此。
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