高考英语名词考点透析
名词是高考英语复习最大的一个部分，因此名词的复习也是最困难的，掌握高考英语名词考点可以帮助大家更好的进行专项提升。
[1] 单、复数名词的正确使用
[例] They have all sorts of course. (2006陕西高考·改错 )
[析] 英语中，名词有单数、复数或不可数的形式。本题中的course是可数名词，意指“课程”，故应用复数形式courses。
[2] 仅以复数形式出现的名词
[例] Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (2000安徽春考·改错)
[析] Many happy returns of the day! 是一句固定的生日祝语，相当于汉语的“祝你年年有今日，岁岁有今朝!”returns 在此处便是约定俗成的用法。
除这一结构外，像shake hands with (= shake sb’s hand), make friends with和change seats / trains / buses等常用的结构，及thanks, cheers, congratulations, things(情况), affairs, feelings, as follows(如下), in tears, in ruins, in pieces, in chains(被囚禁), in high spirits, in one’s teens / twenties, in the 1990’s (或in the 1990s), into halves, good manners, give one’s regards / best wishes to, make contributions to, make preparations for等，也都是常用或只用复数的名词式。
[3] 纯粹不可数名词的使用
[例] I’m glad you have made such a great progress that... (2006江西高考·改错)
[析] 在英语中，有些名词, 如advice(建议), news, information, fun, weather, progress, homework, housework等，无论在什么情况下都是不可数的，所以这些词没有复数形式，也不可把其与不定冠词连用。可见，such a great progress 使用有误(须改为such great progress)。再例： She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when she smelt something burning. (2004高考福建卷·改错)由于homework为不可数名词，所以，作业再多，也无复数。
[4] 转义名词的考查热点
[例] When you finish reading the book, you will have ______ better understanding of ______ life. (2004辽宁高考)
A. a; the B. the; a
C. 不填; the D. a; 不填
[析] 本题旨在考查考生对understanding和life这两个名词可数性的界定：understanding已为转义用法，life在此泛指“人生”，是不可数名词，故而便可正确选用冠词。
[5] 名词与形容词定语的区别
[例] There have been sports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.(2004全国高考III·改错)
[析] 形容词和名词都可作定语，但有时含义有别，有时则出现错误。如可说a golden medal(一块镀金奖牌/一块金色的奖牌)，也可以说a gold medal (一块金牌);但可说a chemistry teacher(化学老师)，而不可说a chemical teacher(化学原料做的老师?)，但可说a chemical works(一家化工厂)。据此可见，此题中的“个人信息”不应用person information表达。
另应注意，除man, woman常用“单单 (a woman doctor)”、“复复 (two women doctors)”式，及一些特殊词，如a goods ship, the sports shoes, a clothes shop等以外，用作修饰词的名词，一般都要用单数式。如： a lady doctor, two lady doctors等
[6] 与动词或介词构成的固定搭配
[例] It is said that dogs will keep you _____ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. (2006江西高考)
A. safety B. company
C. house D. friend
[析] 无论是动宾结构还是介宾结构，有时名词虽然近义，但却不能主观臆断，而要选择固定的搭配式。本题的keep sb company就是一个典型的固定搭配式，意为“与……为伴”。
[7] 名词搭配的语境限定
[例] You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ________. (2006广东高考)
A. date B. shape
C. order D. balance
[析] out of date 意为“过期，不时髦”;out of shape意思是“不成形的”;out of order就是in disorder，意为“乱七八糟的”。搭配并无问题，而意义决定了B是正确答案。
[8] 名词的同、近义词辨析
[例] I’m sure David will be able to find the library—he has a pretty good ______ of direction. (2005浙江高考)
A. idea B. feeling
C. experience D. sense
[析] 名词的同、近义词辨析，不仅仅较多地应用于书面表达，而且还可以较为灵活地设题于单项填空、完形填空或短文改错题中。本题的四个近义词选项中，sense的“意识”性更强，因而答案选D。
常易设题的同、近义名词有如下各组：
(1)cause, reason, excuse, explanation; (2)family, home, house, room, space; (3)sign, signal, mark, example, symbol;(4)award, reward, prize, money; (5)value, price, cost, charge; (6)kind, sort, type, variety; (7)range, reach, distance, length; (8)news, word, message, information, notice; (9)energy, force, strength, power; (10)accident, incident, affair, event, business, matter; (11)practice, training, exercise, drill; (12)sight, view, scenery;(13)ache, pain, injury, damage, wound; (14)means, way, method, approach, skill, experience; (15)travel, trip, journey, voyage; (16)idea, sense, feeling, opinion, thought, thinking; (17)job, work, duty, task; (18)pause, stop, rest, break; (19) fact, deed, reality, practice; (20)match, race, contest, competition
高考英语名词考点的全部内容就是这些，希望大家可以认真掌握，争取更好的成绩。
(责任编辑：郭峰)
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