2015高考英语作文写作技巧:典型错误及对策(2)
【句法结构错误】
1.句子结构不完整
阅卷发现：句子结构不完整的情况常出现在定语从句以及需要跟双宾语的动词结构中。
× I'd like to communicate with students come from foreign countries.
√ I'd like to communicate with students who come from different countries.
√ I'd like to communicate with students from different countries.
× I can tell the foreign students about China.
剖析：
"告诉某人某物"为 tell sb sth 。
√ I can tell the foreign students something about China.
对策：掌握好主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补五种基本句型和 there be 结构。通过翻译、改错、改写、转换句型等将句法结构内化，要有意识地经常运用已纠正的常错句型，注意句子结构的完整性。
2.悬垂修饰语现象
悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语或修饰语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。分词、不定式、动名词和省略句作为修饰语时考生受汉语影响常会出现悬垂现象。
× In order to help us learn English well, a foreign teacher will be hired.
√ In order to help us learn English well, our school will hire a foreign teacher.
× At the age of 19,my sister left hometown for Harvard University.
√ When my sister was 19, she left hometown for Harvard University.
√ When Iwas19, my sister left hometown for Harvard University.
对策：使用非谓语动词和省略句作为修饰语时，要注意使它们的逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致(独立主格结构除外)。运用短语作从句时，要记住短语所表达的内容不得与后面主句所描述的内容有所冲突或者造成歧义。
3.汉语式英语，逐字翻译
比如表达"我对这项活动感兴趣，想参加。"
× I'm interested in the activity and want to take part in.
√ I'm interested in the activity and want to take part in it.
表达"公园里有一则告示，上面写道：
'注意安全，道路光滑。'"
× There is a notice in the park, writing：
"To take no tice of safe, slippery sideway"
√ There is a notice in the park, saying：
"Watch your step. Slippery sideway."
对策：养成用英语思维进行写作的习惯，不逐字翻译题目所列的要求，遇到自己没有把握的，可换一种方式表达。
【语法关系不一致】
表现为：主谓不一致、指代不一致、单复数不一致、比较对象不一致、时态不一致等方面。如：
× In the bedroom there are a bed, a desk and a chair.
√ In the bedroom there is a bed, a desk and a chair.
× The shoes are very beautiful. I think you will like it.
√ The shoes are very beautiful. I think you will like them .
对策：日常学习中，要多留心各种特殊的语法关系，注意培养英语语感。写作完成后，只要认真检查，就可以避免类似错误的出现。
(责任编辑：卢雁明)
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