2013年高考英语二轮复习知识点:形容词和副词

2013-02-27 15:09:22 来源:育路高考网

  形容词、副词是每年高考必考点之一,近几年语境综合化程度越来越高,难度加大。高考热点有:形容词、副词词义辨析;原级、比较级、最高级的使用;倍数的表达方法;比较等级的修饰语;多个形容词的排列顺序;常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。

  关于形容词与副词这一考点,主要考查以下几个方面:

  1.考查形容词和副词的基本用法

  形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语,而副词在句中主要作状语。

  2.考查形容词作定语的后置规律

  形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前,但下列三种情况形容词要后置:①形容词短语作定语时;②表语形容词作定语时;③修饰复合不定代词时。

  3.考查多个形容词作定语的排序

  多个形容词修饰名词时,其排序规律是:(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。

  4.考查副词在句中的位置规律

  副词修饰形容词或其它副词时,一般位于被修饰词的前面,但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。

  5.考查–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别

  -ed形容词,通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。

  6.考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异

  即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。

  7.考查形容词和副词的比较等级。

  8.考查比较等级的修饰语。

  考点1:在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义

  从复现的频率来看,此点是高考对形容词、副词考查的第一大热点。解答此类题关键是要分析具体的语境,结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。

  经过统计,常见常考的形容词和副词有(按频度排列):even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising

  还有以下形容词和副词应当熟悉和掌握: a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively; adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentively; bad; badly; besides; better; but; careful; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; short; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va-rious; weak; well

  考点2:考查形容词、副词的比较级、最高级及前面的修饰语

  【备考清单】

  1) 比较级、最高级的选用及应用范围

  比较级、最高级常用于表示两者或多者间的比较。复习中须注意如下句型的用法:

  ① as + 原级adj. / adv. + as表示“和……一样”及not as / so + 原级adj. / adv. + as表示“不如……”。例如:

  (94全国) John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.

  The piano in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good.

  ② as + 原级adj. + a(n) + n. + as表示“跟……一样”。例如:

  (2001全国) It‘s generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

  (2003北京) Our neighbour has as big a house as ours.

  ③ 比较级 + than表“比……更”及less …… than表示“不如……”。例如:

  This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.

  This road is wider than that one.

  ④ the + 比较级, the + 比较级表示“越……,就越……”。例如:

  (93上海) It‘s believed that the harder you work, the better result you’ll get.

  ⑤ the +比较级+ of the + 名词 / 代词表示两者中“较……的”。例如:

  Who is the younger of the two boys?

  (责任编辑:韩志霞)

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