2012高考英语考点专题讲练:名词
「考点分析」
名词
1.对名词的可数与不可数性的考查：
①最常见的形式是主谓一致的考查；分数和百分数作主语、数量词作主语仍将是考查重点（as well as； together with； along with； not only…but also…； rather than； neither…nor…； either…or…； the number of与a number of等要特别关注）；
②有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义；
③有些名词通常用作不可数名词；
④有些名词用作不可数名词时，表示抽象概念，与不定冠词连用或用作可数名词时表示个体事物；
⑤有些名词，既可以作可数名词，也可以用作不可数名词，但意思不一样；
⑥某些集体名词，如果把它们所表示的人或事物当作整体来看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果把它们表示的人或事物当作若干个体来看，谓语动词用复数形式。
2.对名词词义及词义辨析的考查；
3.对名词与介词固定搭配的考查；
4.对名词句法功能的考查：重在考查名词作定语的用法。
「知识点归纳」
名词
I.名词的分类及相互转换
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专有名词 |
普通名词 |
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国名地名人名， 团体机构名称 |
可数名词 |
不可数名词 |
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个体名词 |
集体名词 |
抽象名词 |
物质名词 |
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特别注意名词类别的相互转换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
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例 句 |
意 义 |
名词性质 |
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①She held some flowers in her hand. ②The trees are now in flower |
花儿 |
个体名词 |
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开花 |
抽象名词 |
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①Youth is beautiful. ②He is a youth of twenty |
青春 |
抽象名词 |
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年轻人 |
个体名词 |
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①They have achieved remarkable success in their work. ②—How about the Christmas evening party? —I should say it was a success. |
成功 |
抽象名词 |
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成功的事 |
个体名词 |
物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
例 句 意 义 名词性质 ①Iron is a kind of metal. ②Please lend me your iron. 铁 物质名词 熨斗 个体名词 ①He broke a piece of glass. ②He broke a glass. 玻璃 物质名词 玻璃杯 个体名词 ①I bought a chicken this morning ②Please help yourself to some chicken 小鸡 个体名词 鸡肉 物质名词
抽象名词与个体名词的转换
有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如：have等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作 ①—I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please. —Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpful A.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,a ②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名词） A.a B.an C./ D.the ③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词） A.a B.an C./ D.the 类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look take a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发) /make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try 表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分 ①Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must in____international trade today. A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, the a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况) give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识) have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识) ②If there were no examination, we should have______at school. A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time ③ is money. A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times 抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰 ①Oh, John. _____you gave me! A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise ②She looked up when I shouted. A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise 其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise ③It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusual
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