2012年同等学力申硕英语写作语法讲义(3)

　　第三讲 冠词的用法

　　一、冠词的位置

　　1) 在名词词组中，冠词一般放在最前面。例如：

　　the last few days a really good concert

　　2) 名词词组里如果有all, both, exactly, just, many, quite, rather, such, what等词，这类词可以放在冠词之前。例如：

　　all the time both (the) brothers

　　exactly the wrong colour just the right place

　　quite a nice day rather a mess such a funny story

　　3) 和as, how/however, so, too连用时, 形容词放在冠词之前。例如：

　　He’s not so big a fool as you think.

　　She’s as clever a girl as you’re ever likely to meet.

　　This is too heavy a bag for me to carry.

　　How large an armchair did he have?

　　However tiring a day she may have, she never loses her good humour.

　　二、不定冠词 (Indefinite Article)

　　1) a/an表示“任何一个(类)”，只能用于单数可数名词前。例如：

　　We are having a committee meeting this afternoon.

　　a/an不用于不可数名词前。例如：

　　There will be discussion and argument at the meeting.

　　He drinks milk every day.

　　2) 不可数名词用作可数名词时，可用a/an。例如：

　　I’ve just bought a lovely big Danish cheese.

　　I don’t like cheese.

　　She was inspired with a new courage.

　　She showed great courage.

　　3) 表示职业、社会地位、宗教、民族和年龄的名词用作补语或同位语时，前面一般需要a/an。例如：

　　When he was a child, he decided to become a racing driver.

　　He’s a lawyer, a bachelor, and a Methodist (卫理公会教徒).

　　She became an American by naturalization (归化).

　　They are nearly of an age.

　　但有时并不需要冠词。例如：

　　He was once secretary to the president.

　　Professor Brown, chairman of the Department of Education, will be our speaker tonight.

　　4) 用于表示价格、速度、比率等名词前，如five pence a kilo, sixty kilometers an hour, four times a day等。

　　5) 用于下列这样的固定短语中。如a couple, a dozen, half a dozen, a hundred, a lot of, a great many, a great deal of, a large amount/quantity of, a good number of 等。

　　I’ve done a great deal of work today. (不可数)

　　What a large number of books you have! (可数)

　　It’s a good five miles(=at least five miles, perhaps mote) to the station.

　　三、定冠词 (Definite Article)

　　1)定冠词的基本特性

　　实际上所有名词(专有名词将另行讨论)前都可能用定冠词the。究竟用不用定冠词，主要取决于我们所表达的思想。如果我们要给予某个名词以明确的、限定的、特指的意义，就用the;反之，就不用the。请看下列句子：

　　1 2

　　I I love books. Put the books on the shelf.

　　Butter is not cheap. The butter I bought is not cheap.

　　He went to work by car. He rode to work in the new car.

　　He has gained strength. |He has regained the strength he lost.

　　I like music. I like the music composed by the young man.

　　a) 一般用于带有修饰语的名词词组前，但并非所有带修饰语的名词都需要the。例如：

　　Don’t you think Georgian houses are absolutely lovely?

　　Stainless steel (不锈钢器皿) has many uses.

　　I can’t say I care for modern art.

　　上面三句中斜体部分的名词虽然都有修饰语，因没有明确限定而是泛指一类事物，故不用the。下面三句斜体部分的名词则表示提到过的，特指的事物，要用the：

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