2012年同等学力申硕英语写作语法讲义(4)

　　第四讲 一致

　　一、主谓一致(Agreement of Subject and Verb)

　　1)谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语一致

　　a) 在语序正常的句子中

　　My father has travelled widely.

　　Things are invented when the need is great enough.

　　b) 在there be结构中

　　There is no smoke without fire.

　　There were not many influential guests at the party.

　　There seems to be little time left.

　　There seem to be too many men in the field.

　　注：在there, here引起的结构中，如主语有好几个，则谓语动词可与最邻近的主语取得一致。例如：

　　There was a TV set, a portrait and several albums(相册)on the shelf.

　　Here are a few envelopes, a pen and some paper in the drawer.

　　c) 在倒装结构中

　　In every province of China are found rich natural resources.

　　Here come the five noisy children from next door.

　　d) 在主语后有修饰语的句子中

　　Differences in speech often cause people to snigger(窃笑).

　　His attempt to improve the experiments is successful.

　　A person who has good friends enjoys life more.

　　e) 在主语后有“as well as, not to mention, along with等+名词”句子中

　　Unemployment as well as taxes influences votes.

　　Taxes, not to mention unemployment, influence votes.

　　This man along with his sons always catches the largest fish.

　　由上述d)、e)诸例可以看出，主谓一致不受修饰语或“as well as等+名词”结构中名词的数的影响。此外，主语后若跟有accompanied by, as much as, besides, except(but), in addition to, including, instead of, no less than, rather than, together with等+名词，也不影响其与谓语动词的一致关系。

　　2) 单数主语

　　a) 不定式短语、动词-ing形式(短语)及名词从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　例如：

　　To become doctors is their ambition.

　　Reading without comprehension is no good.

　　What that country needs is more jobs and lower taxes.

　　b) 事件、国名、机构名称、书及其他作品的名称用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　例如：

　　The United Nations was formed in l945.

　　The Thirty-Nine Steps was written by John Buchan.

　　c) 下列不定代词或限定词作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词永远是单数。例如：

    考前须知：申硕考试时间安排 ♦准考证下载入口 ♦英语写作模板汇总 ♦历年同等学力真题

    入门须知：什么是在职研究生 ♦在职读研六大方式 ♦在职研报考条件 ♦读在职研有用吗