2013初中英语语法指导:非谓语动词的用法

　　一、考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别

　　从时间关系上看，不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成，同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成);从主动与被动来看，不定式和现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动(不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来，现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表进行)。如：

　　1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _________ in a year. (湖南卷)

　　A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed

　　【分析】答案选 C。动词不定式表示未来的动作。

　　2. _________from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (湖北卷)

　　A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated

　　【分析】答案选 C。因为Australia与separate是被动关系，且separate发生在谓语动词has之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。

　　二、考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式

　　结合句子意思，考察非谓语动词与相应逻辑主语的关系，若为主动关系，用主动式;若为被动关系，用被动式。此时要特别注意，过去分词没有相应的被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动。如：

　　1. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well_________. (湖北卷)

　　A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending

　　【分析】答案选B。因money与spend是被动关系，所以用过去分词。

　　2. The prize of the game show is$30000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China. (北京卷)

　　A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid

　　【分析】答案选B。因all expenses与pay是被动关系，故用过去分词。注意句中的an 不是修饰 expenses，而是修饰vacation。

　　3. When _________help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.” (福建卷)

　　A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered

　　【分析】答案选 D。因一个人说“谢谢”，应当是他被提供了帮助，所以要用过去分词，When offered help… =When he is offered help…

　　三、考查非谓语动词完成式的用法

　　非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和现在分词)的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。如：

　　1. The storm left, _________a lot of damage to this area. (全国卷I)

　　A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused

　　【分析】答案选D。因The storm与cause是主动关系，排除选项A;不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B和C;因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前，所以用完成式。

　　2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _________　advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (上海卷)

　　A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken

　　【分析】答案选 A。因people与take advantage of是主动关系，排除选项B和D;take不会发生在谓语are signing up之前，不用完成式，排除C。

　　四、考查非谓语动词用作伴随状语

　　在通常情况下，表伴随情况的应用现在分词。如：

　　1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _________away. (全国卷III)

　　A. run B. running C. to run D. ran

　　【分析】答案选B。现在分词作伴随状语。

　　2. He glanced over at her, _________ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (广东卷)

　　A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted

　　【分析】答案选 A。因为he与note是主谓关系，且note与谓语动词glanced的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。

　　3. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _________fun. (重庆卷)

　　A. had B. have C. to have D. having

　　【分析】答案选 D。用现在分词表伴随情况。

　　说明：有时过去分词也可表伴随(注意过去分词同时还表被动关系)，但高考很少考查此用法。如：

　　He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。