EXERCISE 19
During the 1980s,unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 percent.Some countries did not _1__ enough food;basic needs in housing and clothing were not _2__.Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed countries _3__ solutions.
__4_,problems cannot always be solved by copying the Industrialized countries.Industry in the developed countries is highly automated and very __5_.It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes,and highly __6_ workers are needed to _7__ and repair the equipment.These workers must be trained _8__ many countries do not have the necessary training institutions.Thus,the __9_ of importing industry become higher.Students must be sent abroad to _10__ vocational and professional training.__11_,just to begin training,the students must _12__ learn English,French,German,or Japanese.The students then spend many years abroad,and _13__ do not return home.
All countries agree that science and technology _14__ be shared.The point is:countries __15_ the industrial precesses of the developed countries need to look carefully _16__ the costs,because many of these costs are _17__. Students from these countries should __18_ the problem of the developed countries closely.__19_ care,they will take home not the problem of science and technology,_20__ the benefits.
1) A generate B raise C produce D manufacture
2) A answered B met C calculated D remembered
3) A for B without C as D about
4) A moreover B therefore C anyway D however
5) A expensive B mechanical C flourishing D complicated
6) A gifted B skilled C trained D versatile
7) A keep B maintain C retain D protect
8) A since B so C and D yet
9) A charge B price C cost D value
10) A accept B gain C receive D absorb
11) A frequently B incidentally C deliberately D eventually
12) A soon B quickly C immediately D first
13) A some B others C several D few
14) A might B should C would D will
15) A adopting B conducting C receiving D adjusting
16) A to B at C on D about
17) A opaque B secret C sealed D hidden
18) A tackle B learn C study D manipulate
19) A in B through C with D under
20) A except B nor C or D but
cbadb bbdcc adaba adccd EXERCISE 20
Predictions of many robots in industry have yet come true.For ten years or more,manufacturers of big robots have explained how their machines can make industry more competitive and productive.The maker for _1__ robots is oversupplied now,and the driving force of the robotics revolution is _2__ to be with maker of machines that handle a few kilos at most.
"Heavy-robot manufacturers are in some difficulty __3_ finding customers.They are offering big __4_ just to get in the door.There has been a _5__ growth everywhere in the numbers of robots,so we admit we are either deceiving __6_ or that the market is slowly growing."said John Reekie,chairman of Colen Robotics."The following things must happen__7_ the robotics revolution to occur.We must achieve widespread robot literacy._8__ there has been a computer __9_ program,there must be a robot literacy program.__10_,some kind of artificial intelligence needs to be _11__.
Colen makes educational robots and machine tools.It is small _12__ with companies like ASEA or Fujitsu Fanuc. But Colen with others in departments in universities such as Surrey,Manchester,and Durham posses an advantage _13__ the giants.The big companies sell very expensive _14__ to businesses with expert knowledge in automation.The _15__ companies make robots for teaching people,and now they have realized that there is a need for small,__16_ robots that they can meet.
The little companies either bring their educational machines _17__ an industrial standard or design from the start.One technique that they all adopt is to choose __18_ components where possible.The major cost of making __19_ their models is the electronics,which will fall in price.There is _20__ scope for reductions in mechanical costs.The use of standard parts,which are easily replaced,should give these robots a mechanical life of something in the order of five years.
1) A small B educational C big D business
2) A claimed B called C thought D told
3) A to B with C over D in
4) A money B discounts C prices D costs
5) A exciting B encouraging C satisfying D disapointing
6) A ourselves B customers C companies D us
7) A to B for C in D with
8) A as if B even though C just as D although
9) A custom B literacy C poem D tradition
10) A however B finally C whereas D because
11) A capable B possible C probable D available
12) A compared B comparing C contrasted D contrasting
13) A than B above C over D from
14) A tools B robots C machines D electronics
15) A other B big C little D robot
16) A expensive B artificial C educational D low-cost
17) A up to B on C in D about
18) A mechanical B standard C cheap D small
19) A much B many C both D some
20) A more B less C no D least
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