EXERCISE 15
Glass is everywhere in our lives.It is so common __1_ we hardly think about it.We _2__ it when we look out of the window and if we wear glasses.We drink from it and sometimes eat from it.The light in our homes comes through glass windows in the daytime and from glass lights _3__.Glass __4_ in homes,schools,businesss,industry,and automobiles.
Fortunately for us,glass is __5_ very inexpensive materials.The main material is sand from quatz rock.The mixture is heated until it becomes a syrupy _6__. When the liquid cools,it becomes glass.
No one knows __7_ first discovered glass or how.Early humans used obsidian,a natural glass __8_ by volcanoes,to make tools and jewelry.People probably began making glass themselves around 3000 B.C. in Syria.Then in a war __9_ Egypt and Syria in 1400 B.C,Syria became part of Egypt.The Egyptians took Syrian glassmakers __10_ to Egypt,and over the centuries the entire eastern Mediterranean area became a glassmaking center.
Probably around 300 B.C. the blowpipe __11_. Egyptian glassmakers developed the use of the blowpipe.They specialized _12__ beautiful jewelry,dishes,and other containers.
The Romans soon started making their own glass.Then they _13__ that glass could be used to make windows.__14_ centuries later,Europeans made magnificent church windows __15_ colored glass.
__16_ 1900 companies have developed many new types of glass.Safety glass is a sandwich of glass and plastic.If it breaks,the pieces stay together _17__ flying in all directions.This invention is very useful _18__ automobile windows.
Today most glass is made __19_ machines in large factories.No one _20__ it. People use television and computers to control the machines.
1) A that B which C where D as
2) A look for B look in C look after D look through
3) A in night B at night C for night D with noght
4) A was used B used C is used D are used
5) A made from B made of C make from D make of
6) A solid B the solid C the liquid D liquid
7) A whom B whoever C who D whose
8) A was from B formed C was formed D was forming
9) A between B among C beneath D both
10) A from B go C back D come
11) A was discovered B was invented C discovered D invented
12) A in B on C for D from
13) A knew B recognized C told D realized
14) A few B little C a few D a little
15) A from B to C into D on
16) A because B as C for D since
17) A instead B take place of C instead of D replace
18) A on B onto C into D in
19) A into B for C by D from
20) A smells B touches C sees D feels
adbca dcbac badca dcdcb EXERCISE 16
From the very beginning,water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel.The first civilizations arose __1_ water was dominant element in the environment,a challenge__2_ man’s ingenuity.The Egyptians invented the 365-day calendar __3_ the Nile’s annual flooding.The Babylonians,_4__ were among the most famous law-makers in ancient times,invented laws_5__ water usage.Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1000__6_ canal,a complex system __7_,after 2500 years,remains partically __8_ and still commands the astonishment of engineers.But _9__ never found complete solutions_10__ their water problem .The Yellow River is also known _11__ "China’s sorrow".It is so unpredictable and dangerous __12_ in a single flood it has caused a million _13__.Floods slowed the great _14__ of the Indus River Valleys,and innumerable damage ruined _15__ of its land.Today,water dominates man _16__ it always has done.Its presence continues to __17_ the location of his homes and cities;its violent variability can _18__ man or his herds or his crops;its routes links him __19_ his fellows;its immense value may __20_ to already dangerous political conflicts.There are many examples of this in our own time.
1) A where B the place C when D in the place
2) A with B as C to D on
3) A in regard to B in response to C in case D in spite of
4) A they B / C that D who
5) A regulates B regulate C regulated D regulating
6) A miles B mile C mile’s D miles’
7) A who B in which C which D by which
8) A in use B for use C by use D on use
9) A ancient B the ancients C ancients D ancients people
10) A for B of C to D on
11) A for B by C to D as
12) A that B which C because D as
13) A people B deaths C damages D ruins
14) A influence B effect C society D civilization
15) A many B lot C much D a lots
16) A for B as C because D whereas
17) A effect B control C lead D influence
18) A cause B violate C kill D damage
19) A by B on C at D to
20) A increase B add C solve D intensify
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