备战2011年职称英语考试之重点语法精讲(1)

　　语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系.语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态.
　　被动语态考点聚焦
　　(一)被动语态的概念:
　　不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态.强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略).
　　(二)被动语态的构成方式:
　　be + 过去分词,口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示.
　　(三)被动语态的基本用法:
　　(1)使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题.
　　①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化.看下列例句.
　　My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
　　An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
　　I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
　　②主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to.
　　The boss made him work all day long.
　　He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
　　③短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉"尾巴".
　　The children were taken good care of (by her).
　　Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
　　④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态, 只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词.
　　⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式:(A)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补.(B)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示.如:
　　People say he is a smart boy.
　　It is said that he is a smart boy.
　　He is said to be a smart boy.
　　People know paper was made in China first.
　　It is known that paper was made in China first.
　　Paper was known to be made in China first.
　　类似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …