英语口译：词汇指导之经济篇

　　模块 1 Economy

　　一、Chinese Economy

　　General terms

　　第一产业(农业) agriculture (primary industry)

　　第二产业(工业) manufacturing industry (secondary industry)

　　第三产业(服务业) service industry (tertiary industry)

　　主要经济指标 major economic indicators

　　国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product (商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出)

　　国民生产总值 GNP gross national product(商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出)

　　人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita

　　国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)

　　集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises

　　私营企业 private businesses

　　民营企业 non-governmental businesses

　　中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises

　　三资企业(中外合资、中外合作、外商独资) overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)

　　宏观经济 macro economy

　　长期国债 long-term treasury bonds

　　实际增长率 growth rate in real terms

　　年均增长率 average growth rate per annum

　　投资回报率 rate of return on investment

　　外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value

　　实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place

　　消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI)

　　零售价格指数 retail price index (RPI)

　　生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost

　　生活费用 income available for living expenses

　　扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis

　　居民储蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit

　　Problems

　　片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth

　　泡沫经济 bubble economy

　　经济过热 overheating of economy

　　通货膨胀 inflation

　　市场风险 market risk

　　经济不景气 economic slump

　　经济衰退 economic recession

　　Problem solving

　　互助基金 mutual fund

　　扩大内需 expand domestic demand

　　改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs

　　鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption

　　经济规律 laws of economics

　　市场调节 market regulation

　　优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources

　　收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy

　　适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy

　　信用紧缩 credit crunch

　　加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.

　　合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.

　　保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets

　　支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market

　　Useful expressions

　　1.中国现代化建设分三步走的战略.

　　China adopts the three-step development strategy in its modernization drive

　　2.第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番 .

　　Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.

　　第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平 .

　　Step Two: Per capita GNP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.

　　第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平 .

　　Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries.

　　3.中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力 .

　　The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.

　　4.外贸进出口增长迅猛，利用外资质量进一步提高。

　　Foreign trade increased rapidly and there was improvement in the utilization of foreign funds.

　　5.利用外资形势好转，外商投资项目比上年增长32.1%。

　　There were more favorable conditions for the utilization of foreign funds, the number of foreign-funded projects increased by 32.1% over the preceding year.

　　二、Economic construction and reform

　　General terms

　　生产关系 relations of production

　　生产力 productive forces

　　生产资料 means of production

　　生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence

　　剩余劳动力 surplus labor

　　公有制 public ownership

　　社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership

　　非公有成分 non-public sectors

　　第一产业 primary industry

　　第二产业 secondary industry

　　第三产业 tertiary industry

　　支柱产业 pillar industry

　　知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry

　　劳动密集型产业 labor-intensive industry

　　国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)

　　国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

　　人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP (Gross National Product)

　　人均国内生产总值 per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

　　经营机制 operative mechanism

　　精华、精粹、实质 quintessence

　　举措 move

　　三资企业 foreign-funded enterprise

　　外商独资企业 wholly-owned foreign enterprise (WOFE)

　　中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture

　　中外合作企业 Sino-foreign cooperative business

　　国有企业 state-owned enterprise (SOE)

　　Measures

　　发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market

　　改善经济环境 improve economic environment

　　搞活企业 invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises

　　跟踪审计 follow-up auditing

　　工程监理制度 the monitoring system for projects

　　计划经济 planned economy

　　社会主义市场经济体制 socialist market economy

　　有中国特色的社会主义市场经济体制 socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics

　　计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation

　　家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system

　　解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces

　　扩大国内需求 the expansion of domestic demand

　　拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth

　　厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste

　　包工包料 contract for labor and materials

　　产品结构 product mix

　　产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing

　　实行债转股 carry out debt-to-equity swap

　　革新重组 realignment

　　深化流通体制改革 deepen the reform of the distribution system

　　西部大开发 the large-scale development strategy in west China

　　养老、失业、医疗保险金 old-age, unemployment and medical insurance premiums

　　以市场为导向 taking the market as the orientation

　　以质取胜 implement the strategy of success through quality

　　引入竞争机制 introduce competition mechanisms

　　优化结构 optimize structure

　　优化生产过程 optimize production processes

　　优化组合 optimization grouping/optional regrouping

　　优势互补 take advantage of each other’s strength

　　再就业工程 re-employment programs

　　再就业服务中心 re-employment service center

　　Basic structures

　　1. 改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。

　　Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."

　　2. 国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设

　　The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.

　　3. 社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。 The ultimate goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor, and the final achievement of common prosperity.

　　4. 我们要逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。

　　We should modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.

　　5. ‘十五’计划《纲要》指导方针: 要坚持把发展作为主题;坚持把结构调整作为主线;坚持把改革开放和科技进步作为动力;坚持把提高人民生活水平作为根本出发点;坚持把经济发展和社会发展结合起来。

　　The five guiding principles for the Tenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (2001-2005) listed by Premier Zhu Rongji: Making development the central theme; concentrating on economic restructuring; making reform and opening up and technological progress the driving force for economic growth; making improvement of the people's living standards the prime goal; and coordinating economic development with social development.

　　6. 高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻‘三个代表’重要思想

　　hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of 'Three Represents’.

　　7. 坚持解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，弘扬与时俱进的精神adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time.