训练内容：2010职称英语通关训练营第20期—概括大意与完成句子& 阅读理解
训练要求：
一、概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Role of Governments
1 Governments determine the legal framework that sets the basic meets for the ownership of property and the operation of markets. In addition governments at all levels regulate economic behavior, setting detailed rules for the operation of businesses. Such regulations apply to all businesses;examples include laws against fraud and racial discrimination.
2 Governments buy and produce many goods and services, such as defense, education, parks, and roads, which they provide for firms and households. They typically buy computers but write programs they need to operate them. Governments also produce and sell goods. In many countries the phone company is government?owned, like the electric system.
3 Governments also make transfer payments, such as Social Security and unemployment benefits to individuals. Transfer payments are payments for which no current economic goods or service is provided in return and therefore do not represent expenditure(支出)for the purchase of final products. A firefighter’s salary is not a transfer payment, but welfare benefits are.
4 Governments pay for the goods they buy and for the transfer payments they make mostly by collecting taxes, including personal income taxes, property taxes, social insurance taxes, and sales taxes. Over 60% of the government revenue in the U. S. is collected by the federal government. This does not include taxes collected by state and city governments.
5 Every market economy suffers from business cycles. Governments, through their control of taxes and government spending and through their ability to control the quantity of money, often attempt to modify fluctuations(波动) in the business cycle. For instance, the government may reduce taxes in a recession(萧条)in the hope that people will increase spending and thus raise the GNP.
23 Paragraph 2
24 Paragraph 3
25 Paragraph 4
26 Paragraph 5
27 Governments regulate economic behavior, and the regulations .
28 Besides buying and producing services, governments also .
29 The government revenue in the U. S. is collected by the federal government and .
30 The government may reduce taxes in a recession in order to .
二、阅读理解
下面有1篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Endangered Species
Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction. Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution. Since the formation of the earth, many more species have become extinct than those exist today. These species slowly disappeared because of change of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation(捕食). Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment (侵犯)on natural ecology systems. Today the majority of the world’s environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection.
Species become extinct or endangered for number of reasons, but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats(栖息地). Drainage of wetlands(沼泽地), cutting and clearing of forests, growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats. As the various surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal population crowd into smaller areas, causing further destruction of natural surroundings. Species in these small “islands” lose contact with other populations of their extinction.
Some private and government efforts have been organized to save declining species. Laws were made in some countries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, approved by 51 nations. Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulating and restricting trade in certain species. How effective such laws will be in various countries, however, depends on enforcement(实施)and support by the people and the courts. Because of lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species, the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade, the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.
31 According to the passage, which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapid extinction of many species since the 17th century
A Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.
B Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution.
C The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.
D The world’s climate has changed greatly that most species cannot survive.
32 In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word “islands” refers to
A the lands that are completely surrounded by water.
B the wild animals’ breeding grounds protected by law.
C the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roads.
D the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species.
33 This passage mentions all of the following causes for the extinction of many species EXCEPT
A natural selection of species.
B various natural disasters.
C commercial trade and killing.
D destruction of natural surroundings.
34 According to the passage, which of the following is most important in saving declining species
A Governments should make some laws to protect endangered species.
B People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.
C Relevant law must be made and enforced with the support of the people.
D Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.
35 How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct?
A Worried.
B Optimistic.
C Indifferent.
D Confident.
通关训练营基础版第20期答案：
概括大意与完成句子
23 D 24 B 25 A 26 E 27 A28 F29 C 30 B
阅读理解
31 C 32 C33 B 34 C 35 A |
