一、国际销售交易中付款方式的介绍。
1-1 课文：In international sales transactions, different methods of payment are adopted, depending mainly upon the relationship between the seller and the buyer.
注释：transaction: 交易，事务，处理 method: 方法 adopt: 采用，收养 depend upon: 依赖，依靠(= depend on) relationship: 关系
课文意思：在国际销售交易中，会采用不同的付款方式，这要依赖于卖方和买方之间关系。
1-2 课文: For example, if the seller and buyer know each other and have a long-standing business relationship, they may transact business on trust and the seller may periodically send invoices to the buyer for settlement.
注释：for example: 例如 know: 了解，认识，熟悉 each other:彼此，互相 long-standing: 长期存在的 on trust : 不加考察，赊账periodically: 周期性地，定时性地 invoice: 发票 settlement: 结算，解决
课文意思：例如，如果卖方和买方相互熟悉并且长期存在业务合作关系，(在这种情况下)他们在操作业务上会采用赊账的方式，卖方会定时地将发票提供给买方进行结算。
1-3 课文：Payment may also be made by other methods such as “cash with order” when the buyer sends a cheque or a bank draft with his order, or by “documentary collection”， When the seller sends the relevant documents to his bank for release of payments by the buyer in the buyer’s country on the buyers’ acceptance or payment, as may be specified in the documents.
注释：cash with order: 凭指示付款 cheque: 支票 bank draft: 银行汇票 documentary collection: 跟单托收 relevant: 相关的，相应的 document: 单证 release: 释放，让渡 acceptance: 接受，承诺 specify:指定，详细说明
课文意思：也可以通过其他方式付款，如“凭指示付款”，即买方寄出指示性支票或银行汇票，买方根据卖方的指示来获得现金，或者也可以用“跟单托收”，即一经买方承兑或付款，卖方就按单汇要求把有关单汇送到自己开户行，等待买方通过卖方所在国付款。
1-4 课文：But in many cases, the seller and the buyer do not know each other and located in countries thousands of miles apart. They are not in a position to conduct their commercial transactions on trust. The seller is reluctant to part with his goods unless he is assured of possession of the goods.
注释：case: 情形，案例，场合 locate: 位于 mile:英里 apart: 分开，分离，分别地 in a position to: 能够 conduct:管理，操作 commercial transaction: 贸易事务，商业交易 be reluctant to: 不愿意去做…，勉强去做… part with: 卖掉，放弃，丧失 be assured of: 确定… possession: 拥有，所有，占有，财产
课文意思：但是在很多情况下，买卖双方都互不认识，并且各自位于相隔几千英里的国家。他们不能以赊账的方式来操作他们的贸易交易。如果没有确认货物的所有权，卖方不愿意卖掉货物。
1-5 课文： In order to reconcile the conflicting interests of both the parties and to provide a mechanism for payment in such situations, the International Chamber of Commerce has evolved what is known as “Documentary Credit”.
注释：in order to : 为了... reconcile: 使和解，使和谐，使顺从 conflicting: 相冲突的，不一致的，相矛盾的 interest: 利益，利害 mechanism: 机制，机构 evolve: (使)发展 documentary credit: 跟单信用证
课文意思：为了平衡贸易双方的利益，在这种情况下，国际商会提供并发展了“跟单信用证”这一付款机制。
1-6 课文：In simple terms, documentary credit means payment against documents instead of against goods. The documents transfer title to the goods.
注释：in simple terms:简单的说 payment against documents：付款交单 instead of: 代替，而不是 transfer: 转移，转让 title: 权利，物权
课文意思： 简单的说，信用证的意思是付款交单而不是付款交货。 使用单证将货物的物权转移。
二、UCP 跟单信用证统一惯例 (考试重点)
2-1. 课文：The “Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits” (UCP) published by the International Chamber of Commerce contains detailed provisions dealing with the operation of documentary credit.
注释： Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits: 跟单信用证统一惯例(简称：UCP) publish: 发布，出版 International Chamber of Commerce: 国际商会(简称：ICC) contain: 包含 provision: 条款，规定 deal with: 涉及，处理
课文意思：“跟单信用证统一惯例”是由国际商会颁布的，包含了涉及跟单信信用证操作的具体规定。
2-2 课文：It has been accepted and adopted by banks and banking associations throughout the world.
注释：accept: 接受，承认 adopt: 采用，收养 banking: 银行业 association: 协会，联合 throughout the world: 全世界
课文意思：全世界的银行和银行协会都接受并采用了跟单信用证统一惯例。
2-3 课文：It has brought the UCP into line with established and foreseeable practices regarding containerized transport and trade facilitation, the use of electronic data processing and the development of new types of credit like deferred and stand-by credits.
注释：bring… into line with…: 使…与…一致 established: 已制定的，确定的 foreseeable: 可预知的，能预测的，能看透的 practice: 实行，惯例，实践 containerized: 用集装箱装的 facilitation: 简易化，助长 electronic data: 电子数据 processing: 处理 deferred：延期的，缓召的(deferred credit: 延期付款信用证) stand-by credit: 背对背信用证
课文意思： 这使得跟单信用证统一惯例在各方面与已制定的和可预知的惯例相一致，比如关于集装箱运输和贸易简易化，电子数据处理和新的类型信用证的发展，如延期付款信用证和背对背信用证。
2-4 课文：As the documentary credit is operated through banks, therefore, it has certain advantages to both the seller and buyer: for the seller, it is a bank undertaking to which he can look for payment; for the buyer, it is a conditional undertaking where payment can be made on his behalf only against the documents which will transfer to him the title to the goods.
注释：through: 通过 therefore: 因此，所以 certain: 确定的，某一个，无疑的，必然的 advantage: 优势，利益，有利条件 undertake:承担，保证 look for: 寻找，期待 conditional: 有条件的
课文意思： 由于跟单信用证是通过银行操作的，因此对于买卖双方无疑都是有益的：
对于卖方：银行承兑付款。(保证了卖方及时得到货款)
对于买方：只要凭单付款银行就可以将货物的所有权转交给买方。(保证了买方及时得到货物)
三、跟单信用证的具体操作( 9个步骤) (考试重点)
1. A local buyer agrees to buy goods from an overseas seller and under the sales contract, payment is to be made by banker’s letter of credit. 当地买方同意从海外卖方那里购买合同项下的货物，并在合同中规定使用信用证支付。(注释：agree to:同意)
2.To fulfill the contract, the buyer arranges with his bank to open a letter of credit for his account in favor of the overseas seller . 履行合同，买方通知当地银行(开征行)为其账户开立以海外卖方为受益人的信用证。(注释：fulfill: 履行 open a letter of credit: 开立信用证 account: 账目 in favor of: 赞同，有利于，在这里引申为“以...为受益人” )
3.The buyer is not required to pay for the goods until the arrival of the relevant shipping documents. 买方不需要立即付款，直到相关的运输单据到达后付款。( be required to : 需要做…; arrival: 到达)
4. The seller，on receipt of a letter of credit, will have to prepare shipment of the contract goods within the delivery date. 卖方，在收到信用证之后，必须在装运期内安排合同项下货物的备好装船。(注释：on receipt of: 收到…之后)
5. Once shipment of the goods is completed, the seller will be able to present all the documents to the negotiating bank for payment under the terms of the credit. 卖方一旦完成货物装运后，按照信用证条款将所有运输单据提交给押证银行(议付行)进行议付。(注释：completed: 完成的，全部的 be able to: 能够 present：呈递，递交 negotiating bank: 议付行(押证银行)
6. The negotiating bank should ensure that the seller’s documents are drawn up in accordance with the credit terms before such documents are paid for and forwarded to the issuing bank for final reimbursement. 议付行确保卖方拟呈的单据与信用证条款一致后，并在付款前将单据转交给开证行进行最终的付款。(注释：ensure：确保，保证 draw up: 草拟 in accordance with: 与...一致，依照 forward: 转递，转寄 issuing bank: 开征行 reimbursement: 付还，退还)
7. When the opening bank receives the negotiated documents it will make up a debit note showing the total cost due and request payment from the buyer. 当开证行收到议付单据后，对买方发出列明所有应付费用的收款票要求买方付款。(注释：opening bank: 开证行 negotiated: 议付的 make up:编制，编辑 debit note: 收款票，借方通知 due: 应付的)
8.Once the buyer accepts that the documents are in compliance with the terms of the letter of credit he must settle the bill in order to obtain the shipping documents so that he will be able to take delivery of the goods from the carrier or its agent. 买方一旦接受与信用证条款相符的单据后，在支付款项并获得装运单据后，从承运人或其代理那里凭单据提取货物。(注释：in compliance with: 符合，顺从 settle：结清，付还 bill: 账单，票据，清单 obtain: 获得)
9.On settlement of the bill, the whole operation of documentary credit will be regarded as completed. 在付款后，即完成了跟单信用证的整个操作。(注释：whole: 整个的，完全的 completed: 完成的，完全的)
四、课后习题
4-1 单选题
1.Documentary credit means payment against ( )
A. goods
B. documents
C. acceptance
D. shipment
答案：B
2. All the letter of credit are operated by ( )
A. Buyers
B. Sellers
C. Banks
D. commission agents
答案：C
3.Under L/C, the buyer will pay for the goods until the arrival of the ( )
A. goods
B. relevant shipping documents
C. notice
D. confirmation
答案：B
4. The UCP contains the detailed provisions regarding ( )
A. the operation of contract
B. operation of documentary credit
C. international trade practice
D. marine transportation
答案：B
4-2 多选题
1.The documentary credit is advantage to ( )
A. Sellers
B. Buyers
C. Banks
D. freight forwarders
答案：AB
2. Under L/C payment terms, the beneficiary will receive payment from the negotiating bank on presenting of the shipping documents listed in the credit, these documents may include: ( )
A. Bill of Lading
B. Bill of exchange
C. Commercial invoice
D. Insurance policy
答案：ACD
3.The seller, upon receipt of the letter of credit, will have to: ( )
A. prepare shipment within the delivery date
B. draws up relevant documents according to L/C and present to bank for payment
C. inform the buyer to make payment
D. inform the buyer that the goods are ready
答案：AB
4-3 英汉互译
1.英译汉
1)straight bill of lading 2) order bill of lading 3) clean bill of lading 4) bank draft 5) negotiating bank 6) blank bill of lading 7) irrevocable letter of credit 8) documentary collection 9) methods of payment 10) International Chamber of Commerce
答案：1)记名提单2)指示提单 3)清洁提单 4)银行汇票 5)押证银行 6)不记名提单 7)不可撤销信用证 8)跟单托收 9)付款方式 10)国际商会
2.汉译英
1)跟单信用证 2)凭指示付款 3)开证行 4)跟单信用证统一惯例 5)付款交单 6)直达提单 7)延期信用证 8)背对背信用证 9)船运单据 10)货物所有权
答案：1)documentary credit 2) cash with order 3) issuing bank 4) Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits 5) payment against documents 6) direct bill of lading 7) deferred letter of credit 8) stand-by letter of credit 9) shipping documents 10) title to the goods。 |
