2012年同等学力申硕英语写作语法讲义(6)

　　第六讲 动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式

　　本单元着重讨论动词-ing (即现在分词)和-ed形式(即过去分词)的用法。

　　6.1句法功能

　　1) 作宾语补语

　　catch，discover，feel，find，get，have，hear，keep，leave，make，notice，see，watch等动词常用动词-ing或-ed形式作宾语补语。例如：

　　Do you see the dark cloud hovering over the surface of the earth?

　　The shop girl’s good intention left the old man feeling worse than before.

　　I’ll have my hair cut this afternoon.

　　They have never heard English spoken before.

　　2) 作定语

　　a) 单个动词-ing或-ed形式一般放在被修饰的名词前。例如：

　　What an exhausting day!

　　The first year students will have an English evening in the coming week.

　　We’ll proceed as soon as we get the added funds.

　　Once I have made a considered decision，I no longer dwell on it.

　　单个动词-ed形式有时也要求后置。例如：

　　This is the only food left.

　　The people questioned are two high school students.

　　b) 有些动词-ed形式如concerned，given，involved，used等既能前置也能后置，但意义不同。

　　例如：

　　I noticed a concerned look in his eyes.(关切的)

　　All parties concerned will be present.(有关的)

　　We must make a reply within the given period.(指定的)

　　She doesn’t like the blouse given by her aunt.(所给予的)

　　This is an involved sentence.(复杂的)

　　All people involved have been questioned.(有牵连的)

　　The store sells used books only.(旧的)

　　The textbooks used are all up-to-date.(所采用的)

　　c) 动词-ing形式短语作定语

　　一般放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个形容词从句。例如：

　　The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.(=The young man who is sitting between John and Mary…)

　　The factory making trucks is located at the foot of the mountain.(=The factory that makes trucks…)

　　She lost her purse containing 10 pounds.(=… her purse which contained lo pounds.)

　　如果形容词从句和主句时态不一致，则不能用动词-ing形式短语代替形容词从句。例如：

　　The young man who sat between John and Mary yesterday will come to our party tomorrow.

　　谓语动词是be或含有情态动词的形容词从句也不能用动词-ing形式短语替代。例如：

　　Those who are late are not allowed to come into the classroom.

　　*Those being late are not allowed to come into the classroom.

　　Will you find a workman who can repair the TV?

　　d) 动词-ed形式短语作定语

　　一般放在被修饰词之后，表示先于谓语动词发生的动作，含有被动的意思，相当于一个定语从句。例如：

　　He ate up the cake made by his mother.(=…the cake which had been made by his mother.)

　　An engine run a t maximum speed for a long time may start to overheat.(=An engine that is run at maximum speed…)

　　如果形容词从句表示正在进行或将要发生的被动的动作，则不能用动词-ed形式短语代替作定语，但可以用动词-ing形式的被动形式或动词不定式替换。例如：

　　Do you know the names of those flowers that are being planted by the gardener? (…flowers being planted by the gardener?)

　　Are you going to the party which will be held on New Year’s Eve? (=…the party to be held on New Year’s Eve?)

    考前须知：申硕考试时间安排 ♦准考证下载入口 ♦英语写作模板汇总 ♦历年同等学力真题

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