5 汉译英应试原则
1. 内容忠实原文。我们采用直译和意译的结合,偏重于直译。适当发挥,不要过分发挥。
2. 要有闪光点:复杂的句型结构,高级词汇
复杂的句型结构:强调句、倒装句、独立主格结构、分词结构、it句型、被动句、固定结构
固定结构:
too...to........;
so.......that.........;
such.....that........;
both........and.......;
and........as well.....;
such....as.......;
not......until........;
表示目的: in order to.......;
in order that........;
so as to........;
it句型:
高级词汇:
转折:but conj, however, yet(把这三个词都忘掉),nevertheless adv./, nonetheless adv./, whereas conj.
用法:第一句话,however….是错误的,however一般用作副词,后加逗号
第一句话。Nevertheless+第二句话。/第一句话;nevertheless+第二句话。
【补充】:whereas conj. 然而, 反之, 鉴于, 尽管, 但是
Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.
有些人喜欢肥肉,相反有些人讨厌肥肉。
大概:about, roughly,approximately
3. 保持原文风格:注意口语和书面语的区分
非常:pretty, very, extremely, especially, particularly
这个事情非常好。口语:It’s pretty good.
4. 符合英语表达习惯
地道:用词和句式
6 一些例子:
原文:加快经济改革的步伐(加快,speed up, quicken, accelerate)
译文:accelerate the economic reform(不加pace) .
accelerate: to increase the pace or process of sth(英文解释)
原文:我们伟大的祖国在去年取得了农业大丰收。
译文:Last year, our great fatherland(比motherland 更加地道) achieved/accomplished(gain可以但表现不出艰辛,忘掉get) a good harvest(只能指农业上的丰收).
Wish you a pleasant journey!祝你旅途愉快!:wish+直接宾语(人)+简介宾语
原文:预祝21届大运会圆满成功
错误:We wish the 21st universiade complete a success.
Wish:祝你旅途愉快!Wish you a pleasant journey! (smooth也可以)
Wish vt.+间接宾语(只能是人)+直接宾语;
wish v. +从句(that)
That在定语从句和宾语从句中可省略,在正式语言中不省略
修改1:Wish that 21st Universiade be held successfully.——虚拟语气(should)be held
修改2:Wish that 21st Universiade be hosted successfully.
May you succeed。祝你成功(倒装)
修改3:May 21st Universiade succeed.
中文:不要不三不四,否则给你点颜色瞧瞧。
错误:Don’t be no 3 no 4, otherwise I will give you some color see see.
5. 避免重复(词汇、句式多样化)
6. 选词要确切/贴切/有力
7. 使用连接结构表明逻辑关系
(1)表顺序:first, second, third, firstly, secondly, next, finally, etc.
(2)表附加说明的:another, also, besides, in addition, furthermore, what’s more, for instance, for example, such as, etc.
(3)表示转折关系的:however, but, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas, on the contrary, on the other hand, although, in spite of, etc.
(4)表因果关系:therefore, because, since, thus, as a result consequently, accordingly, for the reason, etc.
(5)表概括总结的:on the whole, generally speaking, to sum up, in brief, finally, so, in short, etc.
8. 适当调整句子顺序(注意强调)
9. 万不得已、绕道而行(遇到非能力所及之处,换用其它相近说法表达)
词汇量不足的应急措施:试用笼统词、联想有关词汇、试用解释性语句。
10. 不能留空白、不能写汉语。
|