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定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses )在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系
词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who , whom , whose, that , which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、
定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先
行词保持一致。
1 )who , whom , that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the
man who/that wants to see you ?他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中
作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that 在从句中作宾语)
2 )Whose
用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如
:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏
了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我
那本绿皮的书。
3 )which , that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例
如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the
countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1 )when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于" 介词+ which"结构,因此常常
和" 介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:There are occasions when(on which)
one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(for which ) he refused our offer ?这就是
他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2 )that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why
和" 介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:His father
died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那
年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which ) he lived
forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
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