08职称英语理工B级练习：阅读理解

32. The existence of life depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT _______.
A. the right amount of atmosphere
B. our own solar system
C. steady heat and light
D. the right distance from the sun

33. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. The planet must be as big and heavy as the earth.
B. Proper conditions are essential to the existence of life
C. Double stars can provide steady light and heat.
D. The distance between a planet and its sun should be right.

34. What kind of planet might NOT support life?
A. Most of the planets of the stars.
B. Stars similar to our sun.
C. Planets similar to the earth.
D. Planets with proper conditions.

35. At the end of the passage the author suggests that__________.
A. it is impossible for life to exist on planets
B. earthlike life could only exist on a few planets
C. life could exist on only one planet in a million
D. life could exist on a great number of planets

Living Things
　　Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior charac­teristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing pro­tection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organ­isms that are better fitted to their environments.
　　Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun's energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are spe­cial adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.
　　Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.
　　Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may cre­ate its won environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exact­ly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.
　　词汇：adaptation n.适应，改装 surrounding n.(pl)环境，周围
36.Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may_______.
A.help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed.
B.survive even in extremely severe conditions
C.become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.
D.result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms.

37. In the first paragraph, the word "environments" could best be replaced by________.
A. contexts
B. surroundings
C. neighbors
D. enemies

38. It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird care colored________.
A. to frightened its enemies
B. to attract its enemies
C. to adjust its body heat
D. to match its environment

39. Which of the following is not directly mentioned?
A. A living thing may adapt in its structure.
B. An organism may adapt in its function.
C. A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.
D. A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.

40. The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate which of the following?
A.A living thing may have the ability to create-an environment of its own.
B.A living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near.
C.A living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicals.
D.A living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin.

Over the years, and especially since the Second World War, the realm of landscape architecture has been diversified and its activities classified in response to the needs of a changing world. There nowap­pear to the three clearly definable related stages. First there is landscape planning and assessment. This has a strong ecological and natural science base and is concerned with the systematic evaluation or any likely future use. The process usually involves a team of specialists. It may result in a land use plan or policy, affecting, for example, the distribution and type of development or land use, the alignment of highways, the location of industrial plants, the conservation of water, soil, and amenity values, and the use of countryside for recreation. The study area usually coincides with a natural physiographic region such as the watershed of a major river or some other logical unit of land; unfortunately these seldom coin­cide with the legal jurisdiction of country and state boundaries. The planning function may at times be less comprehensive and concentrate on the impact of major proposals on the environment or the identifica­tion of land suitable for one major use such as recreation.
　　The second stage is site planning. This represents the more conventional kind of landscape architec­ture and within this realm lies landscape design. Site planning is the process in which the assessment of the site and the requirements of the program for the use of the site are brought together in creative synthe­sis. Elements and facilities are located on the land in functional relationships and in a manner fully re­sponsive to the characteristics of the site and its region.
　　Finally, there is detailed landscape design. This is the selection of components, materials, and plants and their combination as solutions to limited and well-defined problems: paving, steps, fountains, and so forth. This is the process through which specific quality is given to the diagrammatic spaces and areas of the site plan.
　　词汇：diversified adj.形形色色的 coincide vi.同时发生，一致 detailed adj.详细的
41. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?
A.The training required for landscape architects.
B.The history of landscape architecture.
C.The various aspects of landscape architecture.
D.The locations of landscape architects' work.

42. According to the passage, the first stage of landscape architecture is firmly grounded in______.
A. artistic principles
B. history
C. agricultural needs
D. ecology

43. The word "it" in paragraph 1, sentences 6 refers to_______.
A. the future use
B. the process
C. a team
D. a science base

44. The author mentions all of the following as possible goals of landscape assessment EXCEPT ________.
A. identifying land suitable for recreational uses
B. relocating boundaries of neighboring jurisdictions
C. deciding where highways should be built
D. establishing areas for industry

45.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible aspect of detailed landscape design?
A. Paving
B. Soil.
C. Plants.
D. Fountains.

参考答案

第一篇
31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
第二篇
36. C 37. B 38. D 39. D 40. A
第三篇
41. C 42. D 43. B 44. B 45. B