典型考题解析 概括大意题 段落中有明显主题词 (选自2008年卫生类C级概括大意与完成句子考题:Anti—aging secrets:four ways to stay young) A.Reduce Stress B.Avoid Isolation C.Adopt a Positive Attitude to Life D.Keep Your Mind Active E.Maintain Balance F.Accept Failure 23.Paragraph 2———— 2 Keeping the mind active is the best medicine against aging.Studies have shown that persons who remain active following retirement live longer.Brainpower and physical fitness go hand—in—hand.When minds are sharpened or active,we are more likely to be physically active.Even if aging results in slight memory loss or a little confusion,brain exercises such as crossword puzzles(填字字谜)can improve memory. D.解析:该段一共由5个句子组成,其中有3个句子中都出现了单词“active”,而且该词几乎是贯穿全段而出现,因此基本上可以肯定“active”就是该段主题词。备选项中只有选项D中出现了active,因此选项D(保持大脑活跃)很可能就是该段对应的段落主题。其实该段的段首句(观点句)就是段落主题句,该句说“保持大脑活跃是预防衰老的最好良方”。从该段的段落结构来看,段落开头提出了观点--要保持大脑活跃,因为大脑活跃能预防衰老,接下来作者就对这个观点进行分析及论述:首先提到了相关研究结果――智力和身体健康息息相关,然后分析了原因(智力活跃会造成身体活跃),在段落最后一句中作者提到锻炼大脑能提高记忆力。分析段落结构安排,查找段落主题句也是确认段落主题的常用方法。 (选自2007年卫生类C级概括大意与完成句子考题:Clinical Trials) A Why are clinical trials done? B Where are clinical trials conducted? C Who should consider clinical trials and why? D What should people know before participating in a clinical trial? E What are clinical trials? F Are clinical trials safe? 24.Paragraph 2_______. 2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help.It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may respond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options.Other people participate in trials b—e—c—a—us—e they want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge. C.解析:段落中出现了明显主题词:people,而且是贯穿全段出现,因此people(人,人们)是段落主题词,因此选项c(谁应该考虑临床试验,为什么?)和D(在参加临床试验之前人们应该了解什么?)可能是答案。其实该段中还有一个明显的主题词because(因为),该词正好与选项C中的why(为什么)呼应,段落结尾处出现了两个排比句,这两个句子中都涉及到段落主题词,因此这两个句子的内容能直接反映段落主题。这两个句子都是在说“人们参与临床研究是因为....”,显然这个内容与选项C呼应,因此C是答案。 段落中有明显段落主题句 (选自2007年卫生类A/B级概括大意与完成句子考题:Facts about stroke) A Effects of a stroke B Annual cost of stroke in the US C Definition and description of a stroke D Breakthroughs in treatment E Risk factors of stroke F Warning signs of a stroke 23.Paragraph 2_____. 2 Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease.It affects the arteries(动脉)leading to and within the brain.A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients(营养物)to the brain is either blocked by a clot(凝块)or bursts.When that happens,part of the brain cannot get the blood(and oxygen)it needs,so it starts to die. C.解析:段落中出现了明显的段落主题词brain,该词几乎贯穿全段出现,因此该词应该是其所在段落主题词,但是被选项中均没有brain出现,因此考虑采用其他的解题技巧。接下来关注段落中是否有较明显的段落主题句,首先关注段首句:段首句是定义句,该句说“中风是一种心血管疾病”(提示:如果段首句是观点句,概括句,定义句,则该段首句可能就是其所在段落的主题句),推测该段可能是在对中风进行介绍,被选项c恰好与段首句内容呼应,因此C很可能是答案。其实如果采取一种“段落2宇阅读法(阅读段落开头句和结尾句,段落中间跳看句子的某些结构)”,则会注意到段落中间部分的句子谈到“中风为什么会发生”,而段落结尾处提到了“中风的发生对大脑造成的影响”,显然这些内容都是围绕中风这种疾病进行介绍,因此进一步肯定了C是答案。 (选自2008年卫生类A/B级概括大意与完成句子考题:Depression and the elderly) A How common is depression in later life? B What is depression? C What relieves depression in older people? D Why does depression in older people often go untreated? E Can depression in older people be treated? F What are the consequences of untreated depression in older people? 23.Paragraph l_____. 1 We all feel sad at times.However,clinical depression is a serious matter.Clinical depression,sometimes called major depression,is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one’s thoughts,feelings,behavior,and physical health.When people complain that they feel terrible,they have no interest or take no pleasure in things,have trouble sleeping,have trouble sleeping,have poor appetite,or cannot concentrate,depression is a definite possibility. B.解析:“depression”在段落中出现了4次,因此可能是该段主题词,但由于备选中均出现了该词,所以借助“depression”这个词无法判断答案。现在留意段落中是否有段落主题句出现:段落第3句是典型的定义旬的结构(主语+系动词+表语),因此重点关注。该句说“临床诊断的抑郁症,有时被称为严重抑郁,从生物学来看是一种大脑纹乱,这种纹乱会影响人的思想,情感,行为和身体健康。”,从段落主题词(depression)来看,该段以“抑郁症”为主题,而段落中又出现了对抑郁症的详细定义,由此推断该段很可能主要是对depression(抑郁症)进行定义和描述,由此判断B(什么是抑郁症)可能就是该段主题。其实从该段段落结构来看,该段也主要围绕对抑郁症进行定义和描述:在段落开头(第2句)作者指出“临床诊断的抑郁症是一种严重的疾病”,然后接下来就对抑郁症进行了解释和定义(第3句),在段落的最后一句作者更详细地描述了抑郁症的症状表现,如:(have trouble sleeping)无法入睡,(have trouble sleeping)没有活力,(have poor appetite)胃口不好等。 段落中有既没有明显主题句,也没有明显段落主题词 (选自2008年卫生类A/B级概括大意与完成句子考题:Depression and the elderly) A How common is depression in later life? B What is depression? C What relieves depression in older people? D Why does depression in older people often go untreated? E Can depression in older people be treated? F What are the consequences of untreated depression in older people? 25.Paragraph 3_______. 3 Many older people and their families don’t recognize the symptoms of depression,aren’t aware that it is a medical illness,and don’t know how it is treated。Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia(痴呆).Als0,many older people think that depression is a character flaw(缺陷)and are worried about being stigmatized(给…带来耻辱),so they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed(羞耻的)to get help。Others worry. that treatment would be too costly. E.解析:“depression”在段落中出现了3次,很可能是该段的主题词,但备选项中均出现了depression,所以借助该词无法直接判断答案。段首句(许多老年人和他们的家人没有意识到抑郁症的症状,不知道…)是在陈述客观事实,而接下来的其他句子也是在陈述客观事实(另一些人把抑郁症的症状误认为是患痴呆症的迹象,而且还有许多老人认为抑郁是性格缺陷。他们指责自己患了病…。其他人担心治疗费用太大)。综合以上细节信息的内容,不难概括出这些内容都是在解释“为什么老年人所患的抑郁症往往都得不到治疗”,因此E是答案。 完成句子题 考点1:考察常见语法结构 (选自2007年卫生类A/B级概括大意与完成句子考题:Facts about stroke) A suffer from a stroke B will be affected C change their lifestyles D will take place E occurs at the back of his/her brain F controls various body functions 27.When a stroke Occurs,the arteries leading to and within the brain_____. B.解析:空格所在的句子说“中风发生的时候,通往大脑动脉和大脑里的动脉…”。利用空格所在句子中的细节信息词(arteries/动脉,brain/大脑)作为答案线索,在文章中查找答案相关句: 2 Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease.It affects the arteries(动脉)leading to and within the brain. 答案相关句说“它(指stroke)对通往大脑动脉和大脑里的动脉都会产生影响”,因此B(将被影响)是答案。显然空格所在句子的结构正好是答案相关句的句子结构的被动语态形式。 考点:语态的转换+代词指代内容的确定 考点2:考察常见短语结构(或常见单词的习惯用法) (选自2008年卫生类B/A级概括大意与完成句子考题:Depression and the elderly) A a character flaw B normal sadness and grief C a definite possibility D dependency and disability E a significant risk factor F unrecognized and untreated depression 29.Depression is regarded by many older people as__________. A.解析:空格所在的句子说“抑郁症被许多老年人看成是…”,该句中出现了动词短语“regard…as…”,该短语的意义为“把...看作为…”,该短语还是用了被动语态的结构(is regarded(as..)(被看作为...)),如果不知道这个短语的意义,不能识别出被动语态的结构及该结构具有的意义,要想解答这道题就会有一定的难度。该题提到了“许多老人”对抑郁症的看法,因此关注文章中涉及到老年人看法的句子,这样在文章中找到与该题相关的句子: Also,many older people think that depression is a character flaw(缺陷)and are worried about being stigmatized(给…带来耻辱),SO they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed(羞耻的)to get help. 带有下划线的句子结构说“而且,许多老年人认为抑郁症是一种性格缺陷”,由此判断A(性格缺陷)是答案。 考点:短语结构“regard…as…”+被动语态 考点3:考查文章中某个段落的段落主题 (选自2007年卫生类C级概括大意与完成句子考题:Clinical Trial) A for some patients B before participation C in humans D medical knowledge E during the trial F candidates for clinical trial_____. 30.Learn as much as you can about a clinical trial____. B.解析:空格所在的句子说“尽可能多了解关于临床试验方面的知识...”。文章第4段的段落主题是“要参加临床实验的人们应该尽可能多了解临床试验方面的知识”,因此B(在参加(临床试验)之前)是答案。 考点4:考察考生的阅读能力(推断能力,总结概括能力,理解上下文意义关系的能力) (选自2008年卫生类A/B级概括大意与完成句子考题:Depression and the elderly) A a character flaw B normal sadness and grief C a definite possibility D dependency and disability E a significant risk factor F unrecognized and untreated depression 27.Clinical depression is different from__________. 解析:空格所在的句子说“临床诊断的抑郁症不同于...”,关注文章中提到“Clinical depression/临床诊断的抑郁症”的句子,因此在第一段中找到答案相关句(第一段的前两句): (一段)We all feel sad at times.However,clinical depression is a serious matter. 第一段的第一个句子说“我们有时都会感到忧愁”,接下来的一个句子中含有空格所在句子中的核心短语(Clinical depression/临床诊断的抑郁症),该句说“然而,临床诊断的抑郁症是一个严重的问题”。这两个句子之间出现了逻辑副词however(然而),该词的出现使这两个句子在句意上形成转折关系,转折意味着对比和反差,由此可知与“临床诊断的抑郁症”的严重性形成对比,日常生活中出现的忧愁不是“什么大事”,因此“临床诊断的抑抑郁症与日常生活中出现的忧愁在问题的严重性上存在不同”,因此判断B(普通的忧愁和悲伤)是答案。 (选自2007年卫生类C级概括大意与完成句子考题:Clinical Trial) A for some patients B before participation C in humans D medical knowledge E during the trial F candidates for clinical trials 28.Clinical trials provide the only hope____________。 A.解析:空格所在的句子说“临床试验…提供了唯一的希望”,该题可直接借助搭配语意判断A(为一些病人)是答案。也可以利用文章中的相关信息判断答案。文章第2段中出现了这样一个句子“Some people particilate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options.”。该句说“一些人参与临床试验是因为他们尝试了所有标准的治疗方法.(但这些方法都不起作用)”,根据该句内容可推断出“参加临床试验可能能给他们提供唯一的希望”,因此A是答案。 |