2008年职称英语考试理工类(B级)真题及答案

2008年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷
英语
(理工类B级)

　　第1部分：词汇选项(第1～1 5题，每题1分，共15分)
　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
　　1 She found me very dull
　　A.dirty
　　B.sleepy
　　C.lazy
　　D.boring
　　2 The President made a brief visit to Beijing
　　A.short
　　B.working
　　C.forma
　　D.secret
　　3 He was persuaded to give the idea.
　　A.mention
　　B.accept
　　C.consider
　　D.drop
　　4 Jack consumes a pound of cheese day.
　　A.eats
　　B.drinks
　　C.buys
　　D.produces
　　5 Mary just told us a very fascinating story.
　　A.strange
　　B.frightening
　　C.difficult
　　D.interesting
　　6 It's a gorgeous day anyway
　　A.lovely
　　B.cold
　　C.normal
　　D.rainy
　　7 Her life is becoming more diverse
　　A.generous
　　B.humorous
　　C.varied
　　D.romantic
　　8 Foreign military aid was prolonging the war
　　A.broadening
　　B.worsening
　　C.extending
　　D.accelerating
　　9 She was unwilling to go but she had no choice.
　　A.unable
　　B.indecisive
　　C.ready
　　D.reluctant
　　10 She is.slender，with delicate wrists and ankles
　　A.sick
　　B.weak
　　C.slim
　　D.pale
　　11 With immense relief, stopped running
　　A.some
　　B.enormous
　　C.little
　　D.extensive
　　12 The scientists began to accumulate data
　　A.collect
　　B.handle
　　C.analyze
　　D.investigate
　　13Jack eventually Overtook the last truck
　　A.hit
　　B.passed
　　C.reached
　　D.led
　　14 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance
　　A.possible
　　B.profitable
　　C.easy
　　D.wise
　　15 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.
　　A.fact
　　B.mystery
　　C.statement
　　D.game
　　第二部分，暂无

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)
　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1。个最佳选项。
　　The Supercomputer Network
　　1 Recently, ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked.Their computers have been connected so they can“talk”to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news，but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously.
　　2 The lnternet is an interconnected (互联)system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the Intermit is by accessing this network.This depends on the power that your system allows you to use.The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download(下载)files，how much data you can store，etc.If your computer is old and slow，accessing the information can be very difficult.
　　3 The new development in information technology has been called“the grid”(网格技术)，and it will be a network of computers that are linked together.The“grid”will work in a different way from the I internet. enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer.Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer.The idea is that while you access information，you will also have ‘access to the power of the bigger computer stations.
　　4 One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant.The“grid”will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want.This means that you may be accessing a computer In Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.
　　5 The“grid”can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant.You can gave your assistant a task and“he”will do it for you.The assistant will do the preliminary research，collect the data，compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centers in the “grid” that happen to have the relevant information.Ail you have to do is assign the task，sit back and wait.
　　6 At present.possible applications of the“grid”in scientific research are being explored.While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread， experts believe that the “grid” could be us and running for private individuals far more quickly.Scientists working“grid’’projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.
　　23 Paragraph 2____________
　　24 Paragraph 3____________
　　25 Paragraph 4____________
　　26 Paragraph 5____________
　　A How does the “grid” work?
　　B Power shared
　　C Just make a request
　　D Limitations of present Internet use
　　E Distance is not a problem
　　F A new era for the Internet
　　27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access____________
　　28 The “grid” will enable you to get on your computer the power of___________
　　29 The “grid” would be like____________ who can perform your tasks efficiently
　　30 It is believed that the widespread use of the “grid” will become possible in the next__________
　　A the bigger computer stations
　　B the advantage
　　C ten years
　　D information
　　E your personal assistant
　　F fifteen years

第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
　　第一篇Sunspots
　　It's not surprising that sunspots(太阳黑子)were observed by ancient astronomers (天文学家).The largest soupspoon the sun can be seen without a telescope.It was not until the invention of the telescope(望远镜)in the early 17th.century，however，that systematic studies of sunspots could be undertaken.The great astronomer Galileo was among the first to make telescopic observations of sunspots
　　Sunspots are regions of extremely strong magnetic fields(磁场)found on the sun’S surface.A sunspot has a dark central core known as the umbra.The umbra is surrounded by a dark ring called the penumbra，where the magnetic field spreads outward.Sunspots appear dark because they are giving off less radiation.They are cooler than the rest of the sun’ S surface Sunspots are frequently observed’in-'pairs of in paired groups.The members of a.spot pair are identified as the leading spot and the following spot.They are identified by their position in the pair in terms of the direction in Which the sun rotates(旋转) The number of sunspots at any one time varies.A large spot group may consist of as many as 10 groups and 300 spots across the sun.The number of spots changes in a fairly regular pattern called the sunspot cycle.The largest number occurs about every 11 years.At sunspot minim L{m，there are at most just a few small spots The average lifetime of an individual spot group is roughly one solar rotation，which is about 25 days.The most persistent large slops，however can survive for two to three months.
　　31. Careful observations and systematic studies of sunspots
　　A. were made by ancient astronomers.
　　B. started in the early 17thcentury.
　　C. were made by Galileo only.
　　D. could be made without a telescope.
　　32. Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface because
　　A. they produce less energy.
　　B. they are buried in the sun.
　　C. they are far away from magnetic fields.
　　D. they are close to magnetic fields.
　　33 The leading spot and the following spot are the names of
　　A. two large sunspots.
　　B. a large spot and a small spot.
　　C. the two spots in a spot pair.
　　D. the central core and the ring around it.
　　34. Infiniteness sunspot activity had occurred in 1857, the next one would have been in
　　A. 1858.
　　B. 1862.
　　C. 1865
　　D. 1868
　　35 In the last paragraph the word "persistent means
　　A. important.
　　B. effective.
　　C. enduring.
　　D. visible.

第二篇 Where Have All the Bees Gone?
　　Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands.All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives(蜂巢)and never returning.Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse(群体瘫痪)disorder.It is reposed that 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the US have vanished from their hives since last fall.So far, no one can explain why.
　　Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one—third of the foods we eat.As they feed，honeybees spread pollen (花粉)from flower to flower.Without this process，a plant can’t produce seeds or fruits.
　　Now，a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what’S causing the alarming collapse of SO many colonies.They hope to find out what’S contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearance in the future.
　　It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees.To explore that possibility, Jay Evans，a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (SDA)Bee Research Laboratory, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing.“We know what a healthy bee should Look Like on the inside.and we can look for physical signs of disease.”he says.And bees from collapsing colonies don’t look very healthy.“Their stomachs are worn down.compared to the stomachs of healthy bees，”‘Evans says.It may be that a parasite(寄生虫)making the bees’digestive organs. Their immune(免疫的)systems may not be working as they should.Moreover，they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies.
　　Another cause of colony—collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops，says Jerry Hayes，chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture.Some studies，he says，suggest that a certain type of insecticide(杀虫剂)affects the honeybee’S newels system and memory.“It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do”he says.
　　1f it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse，bees’genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not.In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes.The more different genes a group has，the higher the group’S genetic diversity.So far scientists haven’t determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse，but it's a promising theory，says Evans.
　　36. What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain?
　　A. Honeybees are flying all across the country.
　　B. Half of the honeybees in the US have died.
　　C. Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return.
　　D. Honeybee hives are in disorder.
　　37. Researchers are seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony—collapse disorder because
　　A. honeybees help produce one-third of the foods we eat
　　B. parasites on bees may spread everywhere.
　　C. honeybees cannot find enough food elsewhere.
　　D. honeybees feed on flowers.
　　38. Which of the following is a possible cause of the colony-collapse disorder?
　　A. Population explosion.
　　B. Decreasing number of flowers around.
　　C. Genetically modified products.
　　D. Diseases and chemicals.
　　39. Which of the following explanations is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon?
　　A. Bee-keepers do not understand the honeybee’S behavior.
　　B. A certain type of chemical destroys the honeybee’S newels system.
　　C. Honeybees are infected by unwanted insects.
　　D. Some crops are poisonous to the honeybees.
　　40. The word “diversity’ in the last paragraph means
　　A. variety.
　　B. makeup.
　　C. disorder.
　　D. distinction.

　第三篇A Tale of Scottish Rural Life
　　Lewis Grasses Gibbon’s Sunset Song(1932)was voted“the best Scottish novel of all time”by Scotland’s reading public in 2005.Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland’s poor rural farmers，it has been adapted for stage，film。TV and radio in recent decades.
　　The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kin Addie，in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I.At its heart is the story of Chris，who is both part of the community and a little outside it.
　　Grasses Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine(女主人公).We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard—working father;experience tragedy(her mother’s suicide and murder of her twin children);and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman.We see her marry， Lose her husband，then marry again.Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot, believe that she is the creation of a man.
　　But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris.It is truly a novel of a place and its people.Its opening section tells of Kin Addie’s long history, in a language that imitates the place’s changing patterns of speech and writing.
　　The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents.It is told from Chris’point of view but also from that of the gossiping community，a community where everybody knows everybody else’s business and nothing is ever forgotten.
　　Sunset Song has a social theme too.It is concerned with what Grasses Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I.Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this，the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths.In particular, it takes away Chris’husband，Evan Avondale.The war finally kills Evan，but not in the way his widow is told，In fact.the Germans amen’t responsible for his death，but his own side.He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.
　　If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead.It is a“Sunset Song”but is concerned too with the new Kin Addie，indeed of the new European world. Grasses Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.
　　41. What is Sunset Song mainly about?
　　A. The First World War.
　　B. The beauty of the sunset.
　　C. The new European world.
　　D. The lives of rural Scottish farmers
　　42. Which statement is NOT true of Chris?
　　A. She is the heroine of Sunset Song.
　　B. She had a miserable childhood.
　　C. She is the creation of man.
　　D. She married only once.
　　43. What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with?
　　A .The climate of Kin Addie.
　　B. The history of Kin Addie.
　　C. The geography of Kin Addie.
　　D. The language spoken in Kin Addie.
　　44. Who killed Chris’husband，Evan?
　　A. His own troops.
　　B. The French army
　　C. The Germans.
　　D. The Russian soldiers.
　　45. The word “Sunset” in the title of this novel most probably means
　　A. the end of the heroine’S life.
　　B. the end often story.
　　C. the end of the traditional way of life.
　　D. the end of the day.

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
　　下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
　　Rising Tuition in the US
　　Every Spring，US university administrators gather to discuss the next academic year’s budget.They consider faculty salaries，utility costs for dormitories，new building needs and repairs to old ones.They run the numbers and conclude—it seems，inevitably —that，yet again，the cost of tuition must go up.
　　According to the US’s College Board，the price of attending a four-year private university in the US rose 81 percent between 2005 and 2006，the numbers continued to rise. 1993 and 2004.________(46)In According to university officials.college cost increases are simply the result of balancing university checkbooks.“Tuition increases at Cedarville University are determined by our revenue needs for each year,”said the university’s president，Dr Bill Brown.“Student tuition pays for 78 percent of the university’s operating costs。”Brown’s school is a private university that enrolls about 3，1 00 undergrads and is consistently.recognized by annual college ranking guides like US News and World Report’s and The Princeton Review’s.__________(47)
　　Tuition at private universities is set by administration officials and then sent for approval to the school’s board of trustees (监管)all of a state’s public institutions.John Durham，assistant secretary (董事) ________ (48) This board oversees to the board of trustees at East Carolina University(ECU)，explains that state law says that public institutions must make their services available whenever possible to the people of the state for free.Durham said that North Carolina residents only pay 22 percent of the cost of their education• _____(49)State residents attending ECU pay about us$10，000 for tuition room and board before financial aid.
　　Amid the news about continued increases in college costs，however，there is some good news.Tuition increases have been accompanied by roughly equal increases in financial aid at almost every university.To receive financial aid，US students complete a formal application with the federal government. The federal government then decides whittler an applicant is eligible(有资格的)for grants or loans________(50)
　　A. The application is then sent to the student's university, where the school itself will decide whether free money will be given to the student and how much
　　B. At public universities, however, tuition increases must also be approved by a state education committee, sometimes called the board of governors
　　C. The school currently charges US$23,410 a year for tuition.
　　D. Many American people are simply unable to pay the growing cost of food
　　E. That's more than double the rate of inflation.
　　F. The state government covers the rest

第6部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
　　下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
　　Paperor Plastic?
　　Take a walk along the C.hesapeake Bay, and you are likely to seeplastic bags floating in the water.They have made their_______(51)into localwaterways and，from there，into the bay, where they can________(52)wildlife.Pilesof them show up in landfills(垃圾填埋地)and on city streets.Plastic bags also take anenvironmental toll(代价)in the__________(53)of millions of barrels of oil expendedevery year to produce them.
　　Enter Annapolis and you will see plasticbags_______(54)free in department stores and supermarkets.Alderman(市议员)SamShoeshine has introduced a well-meaning_______(55)to ban retailers fromdistributing plastic shopping bags up Maryland’S capital.Instead，retailers wouldbe required to recycled paper and to sell reusable bags.The city ofBaltimore.similar measure.Opponents of the are harmful，too：They cost moreto’make;they_______(58)，however_______(56)bags made of________(57)a argue thatpaper bags_______(59)more resources to.transport，and recycling them causes morepollution than recycling plastic.The argument for depriving Annapolis residentsEveryone in this _________(60)their plastic bags is far fromaccepted________(61)is right about one thing：Disposable shopping bags of anytype are wasteful，and the best outcome would be for customers to________(62)bags instead.Annapolis’mayor is investigating how to hand outfree，reusable shopping bags to city residents，a proposal that can proceed________(63)of whether other bags are banned.A.less-expensive alternative wouldbe to encourage retailers to give be more________(64)to customers who bringtheir own reusable bags.And this policy would_________(65)if stores imitatedfurniture mega—retailer(超人零售商)Ikea and charged for disposable bags at thecheckout counter.A.broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags is not theanswer.
　　51. A.difference B.point C. progress D.way
　　52. A.harm B.help C.keep D.protect
　　53. A.light B.form C. time D.place
　　54. A.dropped B. packed C. put D.distributed
　　55. A.proposal B.service C. system D. change
　　56. A.open B.fill C. offer D.hold
　　57. A.getting B.considering C.replacing D.improving
　　58. A.idea B.effect C. technology D.behavior
　　59.A.limit B.provide C. destroy D.consume
　　60. A.from B.with C. of D.in
　　61.A.debate B.organization C. project D.program
　　62. A.reform B.reuse C. repair D. reduce
　　63. A.instead B.because C. regardless D.careless
　　64. A.examplesB.instructions C. discounts D.receipts
　　65.A.impressive B.effective C. formalD.typical

2008年理工类B级考题出题特点：
　　1．来自教材“送分题”共37分：其中词汇选项题部分直接送分（属于教材原题）5分，间接送分题（属于教材中原有词汇题的“改头换面”）（2分）；阅读理解有一篇直接来自理工类教材（Where have all the bees gone?）； 完型填空来自教材（paper or plastic?）;
　　2． 整套考题送分比例， 考题中的语言难度，问题设置难度， 考点设置情况基本与07年理工B考题难度相当；
　　理工B考题参考答案：
　　第一部分 词汇选项题