Thirst for Oil
Worldwide every day，we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil．Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun．in fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet’s surface each minute to cover our needs for the entire year，we just need to find an efficient way to use it．So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at．But as supplies dwindle，this will change，and We will need to cure our addition to oil．
Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the Steam—driven industrial revolution，when energy—dense coal became the fuel of choice．Coal is still used，mostly in power stations，to cover one quarter of our energy needs，but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil．Coal is the least efficient,unheahhiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel，but could make a comeback，as supplies are still plentiful：its reserves are five times largerthan oil's．
Today petroleum，a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol，diesel oil and various other chemical substances，provides around 40％of the world’s energy needs，mostly fuelling automobiles．The US consumes a quarter of all oil，and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions．
The majority of oil comes from the Middle East，which has half of known reserves．But other significant sources include Russia，North America，Norway，Venezuela and the North Sea．Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge could be a major new US sources，to reduce reliance on foreign imports．
Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years，though opinions and estimates vary．We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades，when demand exceeds supply。As conventional reserves become more difficult to access．others such as oil shales and tar may be used instead．Petrol could also be obtained from coal．
Since we started using fossil fuels，we have released 400 billion tones of carbon，and burning the entire reserves
could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃．Among other horrors，this would result in the destruction of all rain—forests and the melting of all Arctic ice．
1．“…we will need to cure our addiction to oil．”Why does the author say so?
A．Most of the energy on Earth comes from the sun．
B．Oil supply is increasing all the time．
C．Demand for oil is increasing all the time．
D．Oil supply is decreasing．
2．Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author，according to the second paragraphv
A．Wood was the fuel of choice before coal．
B．The use if coal is declining．
C．Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil．
D．Coal reserves are plentiful and will be likely to become the major fuel of choice。
3．Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum?
A．The United States
B．Russia
C．Norway
D．Venezuela
4．What do experts say about the earth’s fuel reserves?
A．The earth，s fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years．
B．There will soon be an energy crisis．
C．Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible．
D．Fuel demand will decline．
5．What is NOT the resuh of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph?
A．Rainforests will be destroyed
B．Arctic ice will be melted．
C．The earth，s temperature will be raised．
D．The sea level will go up． |
