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Personality is to a large extent inherent-A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: Rejoice, we conquer！ By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A- type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged. 63. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________. （A）impatient （B）considerate （C）aggressive （D）agreeable 64. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ________. （A）the pressure is too great on the students （B）some students are bound to fail （C）failure rates are too high （D）the results of examinations are doubtful 65. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________. （A）candidates' sensitivity （B）academic achievements （C）competitive spirit （D）surer values 66. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________. （A）the personality of a child is well established at birth （B）family influence dominates the shaping of one's characteristics （C）the development of one's personality is due to multiple factors （D）B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society 答案及试题解析 63.（C） 意为：攻击性的，好斗的。 文章第一、二、三段都提到：A型性格的人在竞争的环境中成长，形成了他们的性格特征。第二段第三句直接用competitive（争强好胜的，爱竞争的）一词描述A型性格的人。 A意为：缺乏耐心的、不耐心的。这也许是他们有时候所表现出的性格特征，但不是他们的一般性性格特征。 B意为：体贴人的，为人着想的。这与事实形成鲜明的对比。 D意为：和蔼的，易相处的，使人愉快的。 64.（B） 意为：有些学生肯定不及格。 [参考译文] 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。 [参考译文] 孩子们吸收A类个性的地方是学校。就学校的本质而言，它是一个高度竞争的机构。 [大纲词汇] extent n.广度，宽度，长度；程度，限度 [经典例句] His attitude will influence the result to a large extent. [大纲词汇] inherent a.固有的，内在的，天生的 inherit v.继承 [经典例句] Parents should be waken to the inherent nature of their children. [大纲词汇] bring about 带来，造成 [经典例句] The new policy brought about many improvements in the employment of women. [大纲词汇] offspring n.子孙，后代；结果，产物 [大纲词汇] profound a.深刻的，意义深远的；渊博的，造诣深的 [经典例句] The city has undergone a profound change in the past few years. [大纲词汇] soak v.浸泡，浸湿，浸透 [经典例句] The earth soaks up rainwater. [大纲词汇] sport n.运动；pl.运动会 sportsman n.运动员 [扩充词义] sport v.炫耀，夸示 [经典例句] The young man sported a roll of money his father gave him to his friends. [大纲词汇] compete v.比赛；竞争 competent a.有能力的，胜任的 competitin n.比赛；竞争 competitive a.竞争的，比赛的 competitor n.竞争者，对手 [经典例句] He competed with other fellow colleagues for the position. [大纲词汇] keen a.锋利的；敏锐的；敏捷的；（on）热心的，渴望的 [经典例句] He is very keen to visit China. [大纲词汇] consequence n.结果，后果，影响；重要性 in consequence因此，结果 in consequence of 由于…的缘故 consequently ad.因而，所以 [经典例句] Your mistake will surely bring about unfavorable consequence. [大纲词汇] rejoice v.（使）欣喜，（使）高兴 [经典例句] He rejoiced at his friend's good fortune. [大纲词汇] conquer v.征服，战胜，占领；克服，破除（坏习惯）conquest n.征服 [经典例句] Napoleon conquered a number of European countries in a few years. [经典例句] His explanation is clear by far. [大纲词汇] proportion n.比例；部分，份儿；均衡，相称 in proportion 与…成比例的 [衍生词汇] proportionate a.成比例的；均衡的，相称的 disproportionate a.不成比例的，不相称的 [经典例句] A disproportionate number of fatal accidents take place at night. [大纲词汇] emphasis n.强调，重点 emphasize v.强调 [经典例句] The teacher lay emphasis on the importance of the assignment. [大纲词汇] concentrate v.（on）集中，专心；浓缩；n.浓缩物 concentration n.集中；专心，专注 [经典例句] He concentrates solely on law studies. [大纲词汇] merit n.优点，价值，功绩；v.值得，应得 [经典例句] The new method has few merits. [大纲词汇] question n.问题，议题；发问，询问 v.询问，审问；怀疑，对…表示疑问 in question 正在考虑 questionable a.可疑的，不可靠的 [经典例句] The accuracy of the news is questionable. [大纲词汇] know v.知道，了解；认识，熟悉；精通 know as 被认为是 knowledge n.知识，学问；知道，了解 [经典例句] He felt safe in the knowledge of his enemy's death. [大纲词汇] change n.变换，调换，交换，互换；改变，变化 v.改变，变化；零钱，找头 [经典例句] Water change into ice at zero degree. [大纲词汇] fit v.使适合，使配合，适应；安装，装配 a. （for，to）适合的，恰当的；健康的，强健的 fitting a.适当的，恰当的；n. [pl.]配件，附件；装配，安装 [经典例句] One should fit his action to the world. [大纲词汇] person n.人；本人，自身 in person 亲自 personal a.个人的，私人的；亲自的，本人的；身体的，人身的 personality n.人格，个性 [经典例句] Environment shapes personality. [大纲词汇] occupy v.占，占用；占据，占领；使忙碌，使从事 [衍生词汇] occupation n.从事；工作 preoccupy v.使全神贯注，使入神；抢先占有 preoccupation n.抢先占有；全神贯注；使人全神贯注的事 [经典例句] Environmental protection is clearly their main preoccupation. [大纲词汇] academic a.学院的，学术的 academy n.学院，研究会，学术团体 [经典例句] The professor puts greater emphasis on academic studies. [大纲词汇] lessen v.减少，减轻 [词汇比较] lesson n.功课；教训 [经典例句] The latest news lessened their worries. [大纲词汇] consider v.认为，把…看作；考虑，细想；体谅，照顾 considerable a.相当大（或多）的，可观的，值得考虑的 considerate a.考虑周到的，体谅的 consideration n.需要考虑的事，理由；考虑，思考；体谅，照顾 [经典例句] The matter is receiving the serious consideration of the board. [大纲词汇] sensitive a. （to）sensitivity n. [经典例句] The machine must be used with care considering its sensitivity. [大纲词汇] sympathy n.同情，同情心，赞同 sympathetic a.同情的，共鸣的sympathize v.（with）同情，怜悯；共鸣，同感 [经典例句] Those people need our help and sympathy. [大纲词汇] exclusive a.专有的，独占的；除外的，排他的 exclusively ad.仅仅；专门地，排他地 [经典例句] The article was written exclusively for Newsweek. [大纲词汇] stock n.备料，库存，现货；股票，公债，存储 in stock现有，备有 [扩充词义] stock n.祖先，世系，家族，类 [经典例句] He descended from Jewish stock. [大纲词汇] aggressive a. [衍生词汇] aggression n. [经典例句] The councilor appealed to the city to take aggressive action. [大纲词汇] oppose v.反对，反抗 [衍生词汇] opposed a.反对的，对抗的 be opposed to 反对 opposition n.反对，反抗；抵抗，对立 [经典例句] We are firmly opposed to power politics. [大纲词汇] conclude v.结束，终止；断定，下结论；缔结，协议 conclusion n.结束，终结；结论，推论 in conclusion 最后，总之 [经典例句] He drew a conclusion without discussing the matter with others. [大纲词汇] birth n.出生，分娩；出身，血统 [经典例句] The child weighed 7 pounds at birth. [大纲词汇] due a. （to）应支付的；（车，船等）应到达的；应有的 due to 由于，因为 [经典例句] The ship was late due to the heavy storm. |
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