2002年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考
英语考试试卷
Part 1 Vocabulary and Structure (25 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: There are twenty incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
1. Experiments in the photography of moving objects _____ in both the United States and Eu- rope well before 1990.
A. have been conducting B. were conducting
C. had been conducting D. are conducting
2. After long negotiations, the firm ______ to build a double-purpose bridge across the river.
A. contracted B. contacted C. consulted D. convinced
3. Diderot was also a philosophical materialist, ______ that thought developed from the move- ments and changes of matter.
A. believing B. have been located C. believes D. be locating
4. We felt to death because we could make nothing of the lecturer's speech.
A. exposed B. tired C. exhausted D. bored
5. The population of many Alaskan cities has ______ doubled in the past three years.
A. large than B. more than C. as great as D. as many as
6. It was very difficult to build a power station in the deep valley, but it ______ as we had hoped.
A. came off B. went off C. brought out D. made out
7. A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, _______ he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant.
A. if B. whenever C. so that D. whereas
8. Christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on December 25th _______ the birth of Jesus Christ.
A. in accordance with B. in terms of C. in favor of D. in honor of
9. Weather _______, there will be an open air party with live music here this weekend.
A. permits B. should permit C. will permit D. permitting
10. When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them _______
A. off B. aside C. out D. down
11. The symbols of mathematics ________ we are most familiar are the sings of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and equality.
A. to which B. which C. with which D. in which
12. The machines in this workshop are not regulated ________ but are jointly controlled by a central computer system.
A. inevitably B. individually C. irrespectively D. irregularly
13. We are sure that ________ to do this face to face, he would find it difficult to express himself without losing his temper.
A. were he to try B. would he try C. was he trying D. if he tries
14. The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer according to the weather.
A. evaluated B. converted C. fluctuated D. modified
15. ________ he realized it was already too late for us to return home.
A. No sooner it grew dark when B. Hardly it grew dark than
C. It was not until dark that D. Scarcely it grew dark than
16. Without computer network, it would be impossible to carry on ________ any business operation in the advanced countries.
A. practically B. preferably C. precisely D. possibly
17. _______ will Mr. Forbes be able to regain control of the company.
A. With hard work B. As regards his hard work
C. Only if he works hard D. Despite his hard work
18. From the incident they have learned a lesson: ________ decisions often lead to bitter regrets.
A. urgent B. hasty C. instant D. prompt
19. What the teacher of the science class does and says ________ of great importance to the students at college.
A. was B. are C. is D. were
20. The Chinese community there, consisting of 67, 000 _______, is the largest concentration of Chinese outside Asia.
A. visitors B. workers C. adults D. inhabitants
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (70 minutes, 40 points)
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER $HEET with a single line through the center.
Passage One
In the United States the way people spend their leisure time is an important part of their identity. Perhaps everybody does nearly the same thing all day in the office or the factory, but leisure time is what makes people distinct and reveals who they are. Some people like rock music, for example, and others may like jazz or classical music. Some people are runners or swimmers, and others are "couch (睡椅) potatoes" who "surf" the television channels with a remote control. Some go to museums while others spend long hours at a shopping center. These kinds of choices are ways that people define themselves.
It hasn't always been this way. "Leisure time" was almost unknown in the United States in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. When most people worked on farms, the workday was from sunrise to sunset every day except Sunday, which was devoted to church. Later, with the rise of factories and city populations, people worked equally long hours and had only Sunday for rests. Some people did many of the things then that they do now-attend concerts, have parties, go to restaurants, read novels, or play sports-but to a much lesser extent.
Slowly, throughout the twentieth century, leisure time grew. Technology made farm work less burdensome, and changes in laws shortened the factory workday and week. New inventions such as phonograph (留声机) and the radio gave people access to music and mass entertainment on a scale unknown before. People gradually became consumers of entertainment, and businesses competed fiercely for their dollars.
For many people leisure time means going somewhere-to a museum, to a concert, to a restaurant, or to a baseball game, for example. Or it means doing something such as playing volleyball, backpacking, swimming, biking, or playing in a park with their children. For other people free time means staying home with wonderful sources of entertainment, such as a VCR, stereo (立体声系统), or cable TV with dozens of channels. Others pursue creative activities such as cooking, gardening, and home improvement. The latest stay-at-home activity is "surfing the net" -that is, looking for information and entertainment on the Internet.
People in the United States are basically not much different from others in what they do in their leisure time. The real difference may lie in the energy, time, money, and sheer enthusiasm that they devote to it.
21. "Couch potatoes" in paragraph 1 refers to those who
A. control their viewing of TV programs
B. are happy watching situation comedies
C. watch TV while eating potato chips
D. are crazy about watching TV programs
22. According to the passage, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some Americans ______
A. worked from sunrise to sunset seven days a week
B. preferred working in factories to working on farms
C. had many of the leisure time activities that people now have
D. fought for shorter working hours and more leisure time
23. Apart from technology, the growing leisure time throughout the twentieth century is also due to
A. changes in laws B. mass entertainment
C. new types of consumption D. competitive business
24. In terms of leisure time activities, people in the United States ________
A. enjoy a larger variety than people in other countries
B. are not much different from people in other countries
C. enjoy more stay-at-home activities such as "surfing the net"
D. are less energetic and enthusiastic than others
Passage Two
Whether you are logging on to your personal computer, using a credit card, or disarming a door security system, passwords or PINs (personal identification numbers) guard access to numerous regular operations.
It is estimated that within then years, consumers could be faced with handling more than 100 passwords! Given the popularity of passwords, how can you choose ones that are sufficiently complicated to be secure yet are simple enough to remember?
There are basic guidelines to bear in mind. Don't use as a password your name or that of a member of your family, even in modified form. Also avoid using your telephone number, your Social Security number, or your address. Such information can easily be obtained by a determined hacker (黑客).
In addition, if possible, don't use passwords made up entirely of letters or digits. A relatively simple computer program can crack such a code quickly. Finally, do not use a word that can be found in any dictionary, even a foreign-language one. Huge lists are available that contain words, place names, and proper names from all languages. Programs can test for variations of these words, such as if they are spelled backward, capitalized, or combined.
So, what kinds of passwords should be used? Usually ones that have a minimum of six to eight characters and that have a mixture of upper-and lower-case letters, digit and punctuation (标点) symbols. How difficult is it to crack such a combination of characters? One source says, “A machine that could try one million passwords per second would require, on the average, over one hundred years."
How can you choose a combination that is easy to remember? Some suggest that you take the title of a favorite book or film or a line from a song or poem and use the first letter from each word as your password, adding capital letters, punctuation, or other characters. For example, “to be or not be" could become "2B/not2B."
Other suggestions include taking two short words and link them with a punctuation character, such as "High?Bug" or "Song;Tree".
Taking into account the suggestions outlined above can help you to protect important infor- mation from unwanted hackers. Remember, too, the importance of changing your passwords regularly. Just a final comment: Whatever passwords you decide to use, don't pick any of the examples given above.
25. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. How to strengthen security through a password.
B. How to choose a password that is easy to remember.
C. How to prevent your password from being cracked.
D. How to choose a safe and convenient password.
26. Why shouldn't we use a word that can be found in any dictionary as a password?
A. Because it can be easily remembered by a computer hacker.
B. Because computer programs can crack it.
C. Because computer hackers are determined to crack it.
D. Because the lists are so huge that the words are not easy to remember.
27. If you are choosing a password for your computer, which of the following is the best choice?
A. iaHgnahs B. 19730508 C. 2B/not2B D. Re-B, pl2
28. How can you choose a password that is both secure and simple to remember?
A. Taking the title of your favorite book or film.
B. Taking a line from a song or poem you like best.
C. Making up a nonsensical word which cannot be found in any dictionary.
D. Using two short words linked with a punctuation character.
Passage 3
According to a concerned 1997 article in the Boston Globe, the United States spent less than one percent of its transportation budget on facilities for pedestrians (行人). Actually, I'm surprised it was that much. Go to almost any suburb developed in the last 30 years, and you will not find a sidewalk anywhere. Often you won't find a single pedestrian crossing.
I was made fully aware of this one summer when we were driving across Maine and stopped for coffee in one of those endless zones of shopping malls (购物中心), motels, gas stations and fast-food places. I noticed there was a bookstore across the street; so I decided to forget coffee and go there to have a look.
Although the bookshop was no more than 70 or 80 feet away, I discovered that there was no way to cross over six lanes of swiftly moving traffic on foot without putting myself in danger. In the end, I had to get in our car and drive cross.
At the time, it seemed ridiculous and annoying, but afterward I realized that I was possibly the only person ever to have thought of crossing the street on foot.
The fact is, we not only don't walk anywhere anymore in this country, we won't walk anywhere, and dislike anyone who tries to make us, as the city of Laconia, N.H. discovered. In the early 1970s, Laconia spent millions on a comprehensive urban renewal project, which included building a pedestrian mall to make shopping more pleasant. Esthetically (美学上) it was a triumph-- urban planners came from all over to praise and take photos -- but commercially it was a disaster. Forced to walk one whole block from a parking garage, shoppers abandoned downtown Laconia for suburban malls.
In 1994 Laconia dug up its pretty paving blocks, took away the flowers and decorative trees, and brought back the cars. Now people can park right in front of the stores again, and downtown Laconia thrives again.
And if that isn't said, I don't know what is.
29. In paragraph 1,'Tm surprised it was that much" means the authors thinks _ _
A. the government spends too much on facilities for pedestrian
B. the government speeds just enough on facilities for pedestrian
C. the amount is more than he has expected
D. the amount is less than he was expected
30. In Maine the author had to drive to a bookstore 70 or 80 feet away because _ _
A. it was practically impossible for him to cross the street on foot
B. the street was actually too broad to cross on foot
C. it was against the traffic regulations to cross the street on foot
D. no one has ever walked across such a crowded street
31. According to the author, most Americans __
A. don't care much about the lack of facilities for pedestrian
B. think it ridiculous and annoying to have no crossing for pedestrian
C. are interested in building the facilities for pedestrian
D. have realized the importance of the facilities for pedestrian
32. What is sad according to the author?
A. The Laconia urban renewal project was poorly supported.
B. Laconia has become a busy shopping center again.
C. People park their cars right in front of the stores.
D. Most Americans are reluctant to walk even a single block.
Passage 4
Dear Sirs,
Your shipment of twelve thousand "Smart" watches was received by our company this morning. However, we wish to make a number of complaints concerning the serious delay in delivery and your failure to carry out our specific instructions with regard to this order.
It was stressed from the beginning that the delivery date had to be less than six weeks from the initial order, in order to meet our own customers' requirements. While we understand that delays in production are occasionally inevitable, we must point out that the major reason why the order was placed with your company was because we were assured by you of its speed of delivery, and that your existing stocks were sufficiently high to ensure immediate shipment. Late delivery of the goods has caused us to disappoint several of our most valued customers, and is bound to have a negative effect on potential future orders.
The second complaint concerns the difference in colour between the watches we ordered and those delivered. It was stated clearly in the original order that watches in combinations of green/ purple and orange/purple only were required. However, only half the watches in the delivery received are of the colours specified. Our Hong Kong agent assures us that she stressed to you the importance of following our instructions precisely, since we consider there to be only a limited market in this country for watches of other colours at the present time. Any watches that are not of the specified colours will, of course, be returned to you.
We are also somewhat concerned about the rather poor quality of the goods received, since it is apparent that the watches that finally arrived have been produced from inferior materials and have been manufactured to a lower standard than those in the sample. We have also found that a number of the watches do not appear to be functioning. Whether the latter problem is due to poor manufactures, damage during transportation or bad batteries is not yet clear, but we should like to point out that we feel this matter to be entirely your responsibility.
As a result of the above problems, therefore, we feel that the most suitable course of action is to return to you unpaid any of the goods considered unsatisfactory, and to subtract any resultant costs from our final settlement. We shall also, of course, be forced to reconsider whether any further orders should be placed with your company.
We look forward to your prompt reply.
Yours sincerely,
John Smith
33. The manufacturers of "Smart" watches were given the order because __
A. they produced the best watches of its kind in the world
B. they watches would be easy to make and the designs were already prepared
C. they promised they could produce enough stocks quite quickly
D. they claimed the order would be easy since the watches were already in stock
34. Receiving watches in the wrong colours is a problem because __
A. the Hong Kong agent stressed the need to fulfill the order exactly
B. these watches will be difficult to sell
C. these watches will not be able to get into the limited market
D. people will not buy the watches at present
35. "The latter problem" in paragraph 4 refers to __
A. the poor quality of the goods
B. the use of inferior materials
C. the low standard of manufacture
D. some of the watches not working
36. The last sentence of paragraph 5"We shall also, of course, be forced to... with your company" suggests that
A. the company may stop trading with the watch manufacturers
B. the company will probably reduce the number of watches to be ordered in the future
C. the writer is afraid their company might go out of business soon
D. the company is probably willing to give the manufactures another chance
Passage 5
In London, two weeks ago a class of students made legal history by winning a lawsuit against their college for poor teaching.
In this landmark case the group all passed their course in historic vehicle restoration, but sued (起诉) the Oxfordshire college they had attended, claiming their qualifications were worth-less because none had gained jobs in the field. The fact that the course was substantially different from that promised meant they won their case.
James Groves, general secretary of the National Postgraduate Committee in UK reports that students are getting better at complaining. “They are starting to see themselves as consumers of a product, and are reacting accordingly when things don't go right. Most importantly, they usually are paying their own fees and expect to get what they have paid for."
Groves says most complaints to his organization are about facilities and the quality of supervision. He says that more students seem to make complaints might be due simply to the fact that universities are getting better at dealing with them. “In the past there was a tendency for colleges to brush these things aside. Today, most universities observe a code of practice and complaints are taken more seriously."
He adds that students with complaints should first talk informally with the person concerned, taking a "friendly but firm attitude."
Jaswinder Gill, who represented the students in the Oxfordshire case, is co-author of a recently published book: “Universities and Students." He says the Oxfordshire case is interesting because the majority of students finished the course and was awarded qualifications. "Previously, students have sued when they failed to gain qualifications. But it is not now good enough for universities and colleges to say to grieving students: 'you've got your qualification, so what's the problem? 'It's about the quality of that qualification."
The students argued that promises made in the college introduction, in course material and by course representatives during interviews were not met. Promised job opportunities in the industry failed to materialize, as did the promised 50 percent of practical and vocational work, and basic tools had not been available. Gill suggests that in such cases it is easy to prove the college at fault.
37. What made the students of Oxfordshire win their case?
A. None of them gained jobs a few years after graduation.
B. The students failed to get their qualifications.
C. They didn't get what they had been promised.
D. They were over-charged by the college they attended.
38. According to James Groves, __
A. more students make complaints because universities take their criticism more seriously
B. through handling more complaints from the students, universities have learnt how to deal with them
C. college students tend to make complaints about the facilities of their schools
D. most university authorities tend to brush student complaints aside
39. According to the passage, the students are complaining about their education, because __
A. more courses provided by universities fail to meet the promised quality
B. students want to pay for a consumption worth their own money
C. when things don't go right students have the right to react accordingly
D. students require universities to provide the best facilities and quality supervision
40. In the Oxfordshire case, what did the college promise?
A. 50% of the students could get their qualifications through the course.
B. 50% of the students would receive quality education.
C. 50% of the students could find a job in the field.
D. 50% of the time would be spent practicing in the field.
Part III Cloze Test (15 minutes, 5 points)
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
How does water scarcity affect people? First of all, it 41 their health. It is not that they will die of thirst; rather, the poor quality of the water 42 for cooking and drinking may make them ill.
43 our bodies require water to treat waste products, plentiful water is required for proper sanitation (卫生) -- water that for much of mankind is simply not available. 44 people without adequate sanitation rose from 2.6 billion in 1990 to 2.9 billion in 1999. And sanitation is literally a matter of life and death. In a 45 statement, United Nations officials warned: “When children lack water that is fit for drinking and sanitation, virtually every aspect of their health and development is 46."
Food production is dependent on water. Many crops, of course, are watered by rain, but in recent times irrigation has become the key 47 the world's booming population. Today 36 percent of the world's harvest depends on irrigation.
If plentiful water flows out of every tap in our home and if we have a clean toilet (抽水马桶) that conveniently washes out waste, it may be 48 to believe that the world is rtmning out of an adequate supply of water. We should remember, however, that only 20 percent of mankind enjoys such 49. In Africa many women spend as much as six hours a day 50 water.
41. A. hurts B. harms C. injures D. destroys
42. A. valuable B. desirable C. capable D. available
43. A. As for B. As well as C. Just as D. Such as
44. A. The number of B.A number of C. Number of D. Numerous
45. A. joining B. joined C. join D. joint
46. A. at a loss B. at all cost C. at worst D. at risk
47. A. to feed B. to feeding C. for feed D. for feeding
48. A. hard B. easy C. sure D. usual
49. A. decorations B. luxuries C. wastes D. recreations
50. A. bringing B. taking C. fetching D. carrying
Part IV Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the AN-SWER SHEET.
Since 1981, farmers in Holland have encouraged to adopt "green" farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and bird life. Farmers who have voluntarily adopted these measures are compensated by the European Union. The goal of the program is to work against the negative effects of modern farming, such as declines in species diversity and the disturbance of local
nesting grounds.
The "green" methods of farming cost the European Union about 1.7 billion Euros annually. This is about 4 percent of the budget for "Common Agricultural Policy," and the compensation is expected to rise to 10 percent within the next few years.
Various forms of "green farming" employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scientific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting the intended goals.
Part V Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title "What I Consider Important in Life ". Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below.
1．人生由不同的目标：富有、名气、地位、幸福的家庭……
2．其中我认为重要的是……；理由是……
3．结论。
2002年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考
英语考试答案与解析
答案
1—5 CAADB 6—10ADDDA 11-15CBACC 16-20ACBCD 21-25DCABD
26-30BDDCA 31—35ADDBD 36-40ACABD 41-45BDCAD 46-50DBABC
参考译文：
1981年以来，荷兰农民被鼓励采用有益于植物和鸟类的“绿色”耕种技术。自愿采用这些技术的农民由欧盟给予补偿。该项目的目的是消除现代农业所带来的负面影响，如物种减少、本地筑巢受到破坏等。
欧盟每年用于“绿色”耕种技术的开支达17亿欧元，大约占“共同农业政策”预算的4％，并且该项补偿费在未来的几年内将上涨到10％。
世界各地的各种形式的“绿色农业”已证明是成功的。所有被认为对环境有影响的新方法都应该接受科学评估，以确定它们是否真正达到了预期目标。
参考范文：
What I Consider Important in Life
What should a person live for? The answer to this question varies from person to person. Some live to seek wealth, some live to seek fame... In a word, everybody should have a goal in his life. We can achieve nothing without a realistic goal. Aimless life wastes our energy and time. Whatever goal you might have, the primarily important thing you Should have in life is health.
It is universally true that everyone needs good health. With our society becoming more competitive, it is important to stay healthy. For one thing, people with good health can do work with full energy and their excellency in work in turn contributes to their health and happiness. For another, an unhealthy person is seldom able to show interest in everything around him and there-fore he loses many opportunities to achieve success.
解析
一、词汇与语法结构
1．答案是C。
这是一道语法结构题，本题考查的是时态问题。由于句中的时间状语是before 1990，属典型的“过去的过去”的标志，因而使用过去完成进行时。
2．答案是A。
本题考查词义辨析。该句的意思是“经过很长时间的谈判，这家公司与对方签订合同建造一条两用的跨河大桥”。contract意为“订立合同”；contact意为“接触”；consult意为“咨询”；convince意为“说服，使确信”。显然，除A项外，其他选项都不符合题意。
3．答案是A。
本题考查语法结构。空格前的分句为句子的主体部分，而要填人的动词所表达的动作由分句的主语Diderot发出，并且句子的主语与动词的逻辑主语一致，因而需采用动词的分词形式，故答案为A。
4．答案是D。
本题为词汇题。句中提供的选择正确答案的已知信息是“因为报告者的演讲让我们一无所获”。从因果关系出发，空格中需填入D。B与C雷同，都有“疲惫、疲劳”之意，与句意不符，故可以排除。A不符合句中的逻辑语义。因而只有D为正确答案。
5．答案是B。
本句的意思是“阿拉斯加城市人口在过去的三年里增长了两倍多”。As great as，as many as分别表示程度和数量(修饰可数名词)，从语法上讲，double一般不与as．．,as结构搭配，而large是形容词不能修饰动词double，故也不能选larger than。
6．答案是A。
本题考查短语辨析。Come off的意思是“进行，实现，成功”，如：
Everything came off all right．
一切进行得顺利。
本题中的逗号前后部分为转折关系，前文说“在深谷建水电站难”，下文的but提示“实际却按计划和希望进展”，因而came off符合题意。go off意为“离去，离开，爆炸”，bring out意为“显示出来，生产，出版”；make out意为“认出，理解，证明”。
7．答案是D。
本题的关键是正确判断前后句的逻辑关系。分析前后句的语义可知，前后句之间为转折关系：“婴儿面对陌生的成年人可能显示出恐惧，但对另一个婴儿却能致以微笑甚至伸出手臂”。因而，四个选项中的连接词只有whereas符合题意。
8．答案是D。
本题属短语辨析题。全句的意思是“每年的12月25日是圣诞节，在这个宗教节日里庆祝耶稣的诞生。”in honor of意为“纪念”，符合题意。in accordance with意为“一致，符合”，in terms of意为“在……方面”，in favor of意为“赞同，支持，有利于”。
9．答案是D。
本题考查独立结构。动词permit自身独立的逻辑主语为weather，与主句的主语不同，因而使用“名词十分词的独立主格”形式：weather permitting，表示条件。
10．答案是A。
本题考查动词短语的固定搭配。解题的关键是正确理解句意“如果工会将工人们组织起来，雇主们就会发现很难将他们裁掉”。lay off意为“裁员，解雇”，名词layoff可指“下岗工人，或被解雇的人员”。Lay aside意为“搁置，放置一旁”，lay out意为“安排布置，设计布局”，lay down意为“躺下，放下，放弃，规定，主张”等。
11．答案是C。
由于定语从句中使用了be familiar with词组，因而介词with要置于关系代词which之
前。A和D项，to which和in which这种搭配显然不符合familiar的使用习惯，应排除；选
项B仅使用了关系代词which；因此只有C为正确答案。
12．答案是B。
本题考查逻辑判断。空格后的but are jointly controlled by a central computer system提示空格中应填人与jointly意义相反的副词，选项中只有individually符合题意。inevitably意为“不可避免地”；irrespectively意为“无关地”；irregularly意为“不规则地”。
13．答案是A。
本题考查语法结构。从主句的would do及全句的意思可知，本句为表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，因而只有选项A为正确答案。
14．答案是C。
本题考查词义辨析。首先应从本句的意思出发，推定空格中要填人词汇的意思，同时结合选项，选出正确答案。本句的意思是“当地居民兴奋而惊奇地发现蔬菜的价格不再随天气的情况而——”空格中的词汇意义显然应与“变化”有关，因而fluctuated(意为“波动”)是正确答案。而其他选项的意义不适用：evaluate意为“评价”，convert意为“转换”，modiq／意为“修改”。
15．答案是C。
本题考查语法结构。采用排除法便可迅速解题。英语中表示“一……就……”的基本
结构为no sooner…than和hardly／scarcely…when，因而选项A，B，D都是错误的。
16．答案是A。
本题测试同类词辨析。这类题主要应通过句子的意思来确定空格中要填人词的大概意思。全句的意思是“在发达国家，没有计算机网络，几乎不能进行任何商业活动”空格中需填入的词应该是表达“不可能”的程度，因而只有practically，意为“几乎，实际上”符合题意。preferably意为“更喜欢”，precisely意为“准确地”，possibly意为“可能地”(与原文意义相背)。
17．答案是C。
本题测试语法结构。由于空格后的部分为倒装结构，选项中只有only if用于句首，与倒装结构相一致。其他选项既不与倒装结构相符，在意义上也不能表示条件，皆可排除。
18．答案是B。
本题的考点为词义辨析。根据本句的意思“从这件事情上他们得到了一个教训： 决定会导致痛苦的悔恨”，从意义上看显然是“仓促的决定”因而B为正确答案。urgent意为“紧迫”，instant意为“即刻”；prompt意为“干脆的”。
19．答案是C。
本题测试主谓一致。空格前的“老师所做所说的”虽为and连接，但表示的是抽象的单数概念，且为一般的客观事实，因而使用一般现在时，故C为正确答案。
20．答案是D。
本题的关键已知信息是community(社区)，community所包含的对象只能是inhabitants(居民)，故D为正确选项。
二、阅读理解
21，答案是D。
词汇题。文中相关的一段…others are“couch(睡椅)potatoes”who“surf”the television channels with a remote control…，根据后面的定语从句可以看出，这些人常常用遥控器“游弋”于不同的电视频道中。这说明他们非常爱看电视，是电视迷一族。故选择D。
22．答案是C。
细节题。文中指出，Some people did many of the things then that they do now-attend concerts，have parties，go to restaurants，read novels，or play sports-but to a much lesser extent．(那时，一些人和现在的人一样也有许多娱乐活动，如参加音乐会，举行聚会，去饭店吃饭，读小说，或者打球，只不过没有现在这么重视。)所以正确答案为C。
23．答案是A.
细节题。根据文中的Slowly，throughout the twentieth century，leisure time grew．Technology made farm work less burdensome，and changes in laws shortened the factory workday and week．(慢慢地，闲暇时间在整个20世纪越来越多。科技使农业劳动变得不再繁重，法律上的一些变化也缩短了工作日和工作周。)可知，A为正确答案。
24．答案是B。
细节题。根据文中的People in the United States are basically not much different from others in what they do in their leisure time．(美国人和其他人在休闲方面从根本上没有什么不同。)
可以判断，B是正确答案。
25．答案是D。
文章主题推断题。Given the popularity of passwords，how can you choose one that are sufficiently complicated to be secure yet are simple enough to remember?(密码流行起来后，你怎样选择密码，密码才能足够复杂以保证安全但又足够简单以方便记忆?)，文章第二段中的这句话说明了文章要解决的问题。所以D是正确的。
26．答案是B。
细节题。文章相关的句子中有这样的表述：A relatively simple computer program can crack such a code quickly．(一个相对简单的计算机程序就可以很快解开这样的密码。)故选择B。
27．答案是D。
细节题。文中有明确的提示：Other suggestions include taking two short words and linkthem with a punctuation character，such as“High?Bug”。or“Song；Tree"．(我们的建议是将两个短单词用标点符号连接。)所以D是正确的。
28．答案是D。
细节题。参照27题的解释。
29．答案是C。
细节题。我们需要理解指示代词it指的是不到百分之一的关于人行道设施的交通预算(less than one percent of its transportation budget on facilities)；句中that意思为SO。下文中又有如下表述：Go to almost any suburb developed in the last 30 years，and you will not find a sidewalk anywhere．Often you won't find a single pedestrian crossing(如果你到过去三十年中发展起来的任何郊区，在那儿，你不会发现一个人行道。)。没有建人行道应该不会花掉那么多的钱，所以我们可以推测作者认为这笔钱比自己期望得要多。
30．答案是A。
细节题。在第三段中可以找到答案：I discovered that there was no way to cross over six lanes of swiftly moving traffic on foot without putting myself in danger．(我发现根本没有路可以步行穿过6个车道的公路，公路上汽车快速穿行，非常危险。)所以A是正确答案。
31．答案是A。
细节题。文章第四段中有如下表述：…but afterward l realized that l was possibly the only person ever to have thought of crossing the street on foot．(但后来我才意识到，我可能是惟一
一个对步行过街有点想法的人。)所以A是正确答案。
32．答案是D。
推断题。文章举了一个例子说明了Laconia的遭遇，就是因为人们不愿步行从停车场穿过一个街区才使Laconia成了郊外的购物中心。所以这才是作者认为悲哀的。故选择D。
33．答案是D。
细节题。根据文章第二段We must point out that the major reason why the order was placed
with your company was because we were assured by you of its speed of delivery，and that your
existing stocks were sufficiently high to ensure immediate shipment．(我们必须指出，我们将订单交给贵公司是因为贵公司向我们保证了交货的速度，并且现在有足够的存货以保证及时交货。)一句可以判断，D项为正确答案。
34．答案是B。
细节题。文中since we consider there to be only a limited market in this country for watches
of other colours at the present time．(由于我们认为本国在这时对另外一种颜色的手表的市场有限，即这些表很难卖出去。)与B项一致，因此B是正确答案。
35．答案是D。
细节题。通过文章第四段中的We have also found that an umber of the watches do not
appear to be functioning．Whether the latter problem is due to poor manufactures，damage during
transportation or bad batteries is not yet clear…(我们同时发现一些手表不能用。不论后面的这个问题是否是由生产不过关、运送过程中的损坏或者电池有问题等原因导致的，……)一句的前后逻辑关系，我们可以推断出正确答案是D。
36．答案是A。
句子理解题。由于该手表生产商没有按照客户的要求进行加工生产，所以客户可能“被迫”重新考虑和该生产商进一步的合作，将中断订货。所以选A。
37．答案是C。
细节题。文中第二段末尾有这样的表述：The fact that the course was substantially different from that promised meant they won their case．(学校的课程和许诺的内容根本不同，使学生赢得了此案。)所以正确答案是C。
38。答案是A。
细节题。文中相关段落中提示了正确答案，…more students seem to make complaints might
be due simply to the fact that universities are getting better at dealing with them．…Today，most
universitiesobserveacodeofpracticeandcomplaintsaretakenmoreseriously。所以A是正确选项。
39．答案是B。
细节推断题。根据文章第三段，“学生们把自己看成是一个产品的消费者……他们通常付了费，便希望得到他们想得到的东西。”因此B是正确的。
40。答案是D。
细节题。文中最后一段指出，Promised job opportunities in the industry failed to materialize，aSdidthepromised50percentofpracticalandvocationalwork，and basic tools had not been available．(在该行业中被承诺的工作机会没有落实，承诺的50％的实践和业务工作也没有实现，同时基本的设备也没有兑现。)所以D项是正确的，学校承诺的是找到实习工作的机会。
三、完形填空
41．答案是B。
本题属同义词辨析。hurt一般用做不及物动词，意为“疼”，而用做及物动词时的意思一般是“伤害某人的情感”；injure指身体上直接受的伤害，如在交通事故中受伤。destroy意为“彻底毁坏，毁灭”。因此，以上三个选项均不符合题意。harm作为及物动词意为“对……有害”，适合题意。
42．答案是D。
本句的意思是“这并不是说人民将死于饥渴，却意味着人们用于做饭和饮用的水质量很差，使人们得病”。从上下文可知，质量差的水既不是对人们“有价值的(valuable)”，也不是“人们想要的(desirable)”。capable一般与of连用，而不用于后置定语。因而D为正确答案，available意为“能够获得的”，符合题意。
43．答案是C。
本句中的前后出现两个require，而且从意义上判断，该句是对其前后部分进行比较，因而Justas(正如)符合题意。As for意为“关于”；as well as意为“和，此外”；such as意为“比如”，用于举例。
44．答案是A。
空格后的people为介词短语without adequate sanitation所修饰的中心语，people without adequate sanitation的意思是“不具备良好的卫生条件的人”。结合选项可知，此处表示这部分人的具体数量，为特定的数字，故the number of为正确答案。A number of意为“大量，很多”，number of本身不正确，没有这个词组；numerous意为“众多的，许多的，无数的”。
45．答案是D。
结合选项及空格后的statement可知，此处表达的意思是“联合声明”，为固定搭配：joint statement，故D为正确答案。
46．答案是D。
本题为短语辨析题。关键是正确理解空格所在句子的意思：“儿童缺少饮用水及卫生用水，他们的健康和发育都会 ”空格内显然需要填人一个表示“受到影响或威胁”的词组，故D为正确答案。其他选项：at a loss意为“不知所措，困惑；亏本”，at all costs意为“不惜一切代价”，at worst意为“最糟糕”，都不符合题意。
47．答案是B。
key to为固定搭配，而且to为介词，因而后接动名词，故B为正确答案。
48．答案是A。
本题的关键在于弄清空格所在句子的意义及前后的逻辑关系<“如果家家户户的水龙头都能流出足够的水，因而又足够的水来冲洗抽水马桶， 相信世界上的淡水供应即将消耗待尽”。空格中显然表达的是否定的概念，只有A适用。
49．答案是B。
上文说，世界上淡水资源短缺，因而世界上20％的人能够有足够的饮用水和卫生用水便成为一种奢侈行为。故such后的空格中只能填选项B。其他选项不适用：decoration意为“装饰”，waste意为“废物”，recreation意为“娱乐”。
50．答案是C。
从意义与搭配的角度来讲，“打水”的英语表达方法应为to fetch water。其他选项：bring意为“带来”，take意为“带去”，carry意为“带、扛、拿、搬”，这三个词都不适用。
四、英译汉注释
1．Green farming，绿色农业
2．To adopt．~．measures，采取……措施
3．To compensate，补偿
4．The European Union，欧盟
5．Negative effects，负效应
6．Declines in species diversity，物种多样性下降
7．disturbance，打扰
8．Common Agriculture Policy，共同农业政策，具体指欧盟国家内实行统一的农业政策。
9．Environmentally sensitive，对环境有积极影响的
10．To meet the intended goals，达到原定目标
[编辑：赵晋军] | |
