MBA联考英语写作策略和技巧

来源：网络时间：2017-06-25 09:13:44

　　新大纲对写作的新要求

　　小作文 10分 80—100字文章

　　小作文写作的范围信函letter，报告report，备忘memo，摘要abstract

　　信函包括：询问信、建议信、求职信、推荐信、邀请信、投诉信、辞职信、感谢信、道歉信。

　　大作文 15分情景短文，根据要求写一篇字数大约在150/200 words的议论文

　　小作文评分标准：

　　第五档(9—10分)很好的完成了试题包含了所有的内容要点;使用丰富的语法结构和词汇;语言自然流畅，语法错误极少;格式和语法恰当贴切

　　第四档(7—8分)较好地完成了试题规定的任务;包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉一，两个次重点;使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇;语言基本准确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构时才有个别错误。

　　第三档(5—6分)基本完成了试题规定的任务，虽漏掉一些内容，但包含了多数内容要点;应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求;有一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解。

　　第二档(3—4分)未能按要求完成试题规定的任务;漏掉或未能阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关的内容;语法结构单调，词汇项目有限;有较多的语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。

　　档(1—2分)未完成试题规定的任务;明显遗漏主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容;语法项目和词汇的使用单调，重复;语言错误多。

　　小结：

　　1. 内容切题，包括提纲或图画的全部要点和信息

　　2. 表达清楚，意思连贯

　　3. 用词正确，句式有变化，语言比较规范

　　4. 文章的字数符合要求)

　　阅卷老师评分的三个主要标准

　　1. 语言：语言主要是时态，主谓一致;语言要丰富多彩，尽量使用同义词语替换;句式也要求丰富多变，不要拘泥于主—谓—宾结构，长短句结合为宜。

　　2. 结构。文章往往采用“总—分—总”的关系，英语文章先论点后论证，结构清晰。

　　It is no exaggeration to say that telecommunications bring huge benefits and great convenience to our daily life. For instance, telephone makes it possible for people in different places to talk to one another; and mobile phone and e-mail even brings us much more convenience by enabling us to communicate with others regardless of time and place. Furthermore, thanks to the rapid growth of telecommunications, business corporations and government officials can manage their affairs far more efficiently through phone, fax, and on-line computer. It is an even more important information source for those research workers. Thus, we may say that modern life would be unimaginable without telecommunications.

　　3. 内容：观点和思想不要创新，但一定要体现正向的心态，观点不宜特例独行。

　　写作(12—15分钟)

　　1. 结构与功能对应原则

　　在写小作文过程中，应时刻牢记：应用文的实用性很强，最重要的特点就是结构与功能的对应原则。

　　2. 模板句活用原则

　　3. 检查(2—3分钟)

　　格式检查：应用文对格式是有很高的要求的，书信中前有日期、称呼语后有结束语

　　拼写语法是否错误：检查时看看有没有语法结构和拼写错误。不影响卷面的整洁

　　== 大小作文必备的语法 ==：

　　1. 过去成时表示过去某时之前已完成的动作或状况。在时间上, 它属于“过去的过去”。

　　a. No sooner had the foot ball game begun than it started raining

　　b. Hardly/Scarcely had I arrived when I began to write to you.

　　c. By the end of 2008, the number of users of mobile phones had reached up to 1.2 billions.

　　2. 现在完成时表示目前已完成的动作或刚刚完成的动作。

　　Otherwise, we will pay a heavy price for what we have done sooner or later.

　　还有up to now, so far, these days, for, since 等…(后接一段时间的短语),

　　a. So far I haven't heard of anybody who wants stop living on account of the cost.

　　迄今为止，我从未听说过有人因生活费过昂而不要生存下去的。

　　b. Up to now the number of users of cell phones has reached up to 1.2 billions around the world.

　　c. In some countries，economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan，for instance，average income has doubled in/over the past 20 years，and in South Korea it has doubled in/over the past 10 years

　　3. 将来完成时表示将来某时前已完成的动作, 它与可用来表示推测。

　　a. I hope that you will have solved my problems by the end of the next week.

　　b. By the end of next year, many more high-rises will have been built around there.

　　4. 现在完成进行时 “一直在” have/has been doing

　　现在完成时间时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。此动作或情况可能已停止, 也可能继续下经也可表示刚结束的动作。 It has been raining this week.

　　a. … has, undoubtedly, been playing a significant role in our life as well as our work.(undoubtedly=there is no doubt that…)

　　b In recent years, the volunteering spirit has been spreading among the Chinese people, especially among youngsters.

　　特别提醒：同学们，记住了在写作中会熟练使用完成时态和过去时吗?

　　二.语态

　　英语又主动和被动语态两种，英文多被动，中文多主动，所以我们写英语作文时会有意识地用些被动语态吗?

　　a. It may be said without the fear of exaggeration that telecommunications bring huge convenience as well as large benefits to our daily life.

　　b. It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周知)……/It is generally accepted that…./it is universally acknowledged that…

　　c. It must be pointed out that … 我们必须指出……

　　d. Along with the advance of our society, …is of great significance. As a matter of fact, not too much can be emphasized about the significance of ____.

　　e. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of

　　taking up the habit of smoking.

　　f. Special attention should be paid to the protection of rare animals.

　　特别提醒：英语的被动语态基本上都需要用中文的主动语态来理解---这是被动语态在翻译和阅读中的应用。其次，被动语态在作文里应用需要记住的是“必须意识到”、“必须指出”、“毫不夸张的说”、“或许有人会认为”等

　　三. 虚拟语气

　　1. 请记住一下三种基本形式

　　a. If it were to rain tomorrow, the game would be put off.

　　b. If you did not solve my problems, I would complain about the quality of the shoes I bought.

　　c. If we hadn’t made adequate preparations last year, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.

　　注意：混合式的虚拟语气：If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now.

　　引导非真实条件从句的连词if在正式文件中有时可以省去, were, had, should等非行为动词这时应提到从句句首。

　　If I were you, I wouldn’t feel sorry. →Were I you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.

　　如果我要是经理，我就会尽快解决电话费用问题

　　Were I your manager, I would solve the problem of phone bill as soon as possible.

　　2. But for, without, with, 型的虚拟语气

　　a. But for your help, I would not have been pleasant in America.

　　b. Our modern life would be un-imaginable without .

　　c. Our modern life would be un-imaginable with

　　d. It is extremely difficult to imagine what our modern life would be like without/with____.

　　3. It is necessary/essential/important/vital/natural that somebody should do sth /that something should be done.

　　a. It is vital that our government pass laws to ban fake diploma.

　　b. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to popularize our Chinese in the world.

　　4. 建议型/it is suggested/proposed/desired that somebody should do sth/ that something should be done

　　It is suggested that rare animals should be protected as friends of human beings.

　　5. I wish that 型

　　a. I wish that you would solve my problems as soon as possible.

　　b. I wish that I had visited USA last year.

　　c. I wish that I had a better job to make a living for myself as well as my family.

　　6. It is high time that 型 (该句式完全可以用在问题解决型的作文里)

　　It is high time that some measures were taken to (for example, ban and restrict …). First and foremost, it is vital that our government pass laws to . Secondly, media should play a significant role of educator in arousing people’s awareness of …. In addition, we everyone should be aware of the significance and seriousness of ____. The more I understand it, the better we can improve it for our society.

　　最后请记住

　　虚拟是英语作文的制胜法宝，阅卷老师也是大学教师，天天在课堂上跟学生强调虚拟语气，加入在你的作文里用上了一个虚拟语气的句子，阅卷老师会多么心花怒放啊!

　　四，英语强调句式

　　It is …that…强调句式

　　注意, 强调结构不能用来强调谓语动词和表语(强调谓语是do,does,did：I do love you)。

　　1. It was Chinese that is of great significance in our modern life other than our society.

　　2. It is how to ban and restrict the use of plastic bags that they discussed last week.

　　3. It was because he was too careless that he broke all the glasses.

　　4. It is in this room that I was born 30 years ago.

　　五.英语倒装句式

　　a. Hardly/Scarcely had I arrived when I began to write to you.

　　b. With globalization have come many problems./With the development of society have come many problem, one of which is ….

　　c. only through____ can we solve it (only through our joint effort can we solve it as soon as possible).

　　d. Only when we realize the significance and seriousness of this problem can we solve it very well

　　e. So serious is this problem that we have no choice/alternative but to take some feasible measures to deal with it.

　　f. Not only does it reflect the improvement of our life, but also it mirrors the rapid development of our economy.

　　六.情态动词

　　1. Can, could, be able to do sth/ can not do sth=fail to do sth/be unable to do sth

　　2. may, might, be likely to do sth/ may not do sth, be unlikely to do sth

　　3. must, have to

　　七. 形容词和动词作主语的问题

　　To have good knowledge of globalization is indispensable for this conference.

　　Having good command of English is essential for this conference

　　What is important for this conference is to have good command of English

　　What is indispensable for this conference is to speak English fluently.

　　八. 散见在阅读中的好句子

　　1. Is language，like food，a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?

　　2. There is a new type of … becoming increasingly common in our study as well as our society.

　　3. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form.

　　4. There was a time when(In the past) job seekers simply wrote letters of application.

　　5. There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.

　　6. …may become a tool which opens windows to the world, unlocks doors to the opportunities and expands our mind to new ideas.

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