2009年考研英语全题型高分强化教程(15)

Part B 选择搭配

Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1~5, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps.

　　In 1996, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act was enacted with the goal of promoting the economic self-sufficiency of families by transitioning them from public assistance into the work force as early as feasible

　　1.________________ The PRWORA stated that by fiscal year 2002 states must have 50% of their caseload engaged in 30 hours per week of work activities such as paid employment, job training, or volunteer work. Subsequent legislationcontinued the program by expanding the percentage of recipients required to work to 70% and increased the required number of hours of work activity per week to 40, including at least 24 hours of actual work.

　　2. ________________ Unfortunately, there are still indications that a large proportion of recipients are unable to gain employment and frequently cycle between work and welfare. The changes set forth by the PRWORA have forced researchers, policymakers, and federal administrators to analyze the employability of recipients remaining on the rolls and to examine the many factors that can impact a recipients' ability to move from welfare to work. These factors often include levels of education, job experience, mental and physical health status, and access to needed services such as childcare subsidies and transportation.

　　3._________________ The literature that does exist on the topic has reported inconsistent conclusions.

　　4._________________ Another study examining women leaving welfare for employment and women remaining on welfare found no differences in emotional support between the two groups .

　　5.__________________ In fact, evidence suggests that drug use can effect and be affected by both social support and employment. It is unknown, however, how the use of drugs may impact this relationship among TANF recipients. In this paper, we build on the current literature by examining the extent to which social network factors influence employment among both drug-using and nondrug-using TANF-receiving women.

　　[A] A large body of research indicates that positive social support and adequate social networks are important to the employment process.

　　[B] Temporary Assistance for Needy Families recipients are now under a work requirement and a five-year life-time limit on cash benefits.

　　[C] While there is considerable research on the role of social relationships in the lives of women, to our knowledge few studies have focused on the extent to which social support may influence employment among welfare-receiving women.

　　[D] Early reports suggest that welfare reform is having the desired effect on welfare caseloads.

　　[E] Drug use may play a substantive role in the association between social support and employment.

　　[F] Whereas one study found that welfare recipients were more likely to be working if they received frequent support from their networks.

　　[G] Social support has been defined as information that prompts the individual to believe that he (or she) is cared for and loved esteemd valued and a member of a network of common and mutual obligation.

Ⅲ Translation

Please translate the sentences that were underlined in the passage.

FOREIGN-BORN WORKERS:  LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS IN 2005

　　In 2005, foreign-born workers made up about 15 percent of the U.S. civilian labor force age 16 and over, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. （1）The unemployment rate for the foreign born fell to 4.6 percent in 2005, down from 5.5 percent in the prior year. Over the year, the jobless rate of the native born declined from 5.5 to 5.2 percent.

　　This news release compares the labor force characteristics of the foreign born with those of their native-born counterparts. （2）The data on nativity are collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households. The foreign born are persons who reside in the United States but who were born outside the country or one of its outlying areas to parents who were not U.S. citizens. （3）The foreign born include legally-admitted immigrants, refugees, temporary residents such as students and temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants. The survey data however, do not separately identify the numbers of persons in these categories. For further information about the survey, see the Technical Note.  

　　The demographic characteristics of the foreign-born labor force differ significantly in many respects from those of the native born. For example, men made up a larger proportion of the foreign-born labor force (60 percent) in 2005 than they did of the native-born labor force (52 percent).  Also, the proportion of the foreign-born labor force made up of 25- to 54-year olds is higher than for their native-born counterparts (76 and 68 percent, respectively).

　　About 49 percent of the foreign-born labor force was Hispanic and 22 percent was Asian, compared with about 7 and 1 percent, respectively, of the native-born labor force.  One out of 5 of the foreign-born labor force was white, compared with nearly 4 out of 5 of the native-born labor force.  (Data in this release are presented for non-Hispanic whites, blacks, and Asians and for persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.)

　　（4）In terms of educational attainment, 28 percent of the foreign-born labor force 25 years old and over had not completed high school in 2005, compared with about 7 percent of the native-born labor force.  About equal proportions of both the foreign and native born had a bachelo's degree and higher (31 and 33 percent, respectively).

　　（5）On a regional basis, the foreign-born share of the labor force ranged from about a quarter in the West to 7 percent in the Midwest.

练习答案与题解:

Part B 选择搭配：

1.[B]
从原文脉络来看，这里有逻辑相关性，讲的是与就业有关的职业培训将会增多。

2.[D]
在第二处标号的段落中，welfare是个信息词。我们发现在选项中，D项中也谈到了welfare，将两者相比较，发现其中逻辑关系可以衔接得上，所以选D。

3.[C]
本题考查段落内部的的逻辑和段落内部句与句之间的衔接关系。

4.[F]
本段中有"another"那么，根据逻辑前面的句子，找到F项，因为F项中有一个"one"。

5.[E]
"drug use"是一个信息词。待选的句子中和段落里都提到了这个词，我们再看逻辑关系。逻辑上这两者是可以联系在一起的，在这里应该选E。

Ⅲ Translation 

1．其中"over the year"这个词组中"over"是"during"的意思。

本句应译为：在2005年，外国出生人口失业率下降至4.6%，低于去年5.5%的水平。同年，本国人口失业率从5.5%下降至5.2%。

2．该句主干为"The data are collected"，句中"a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households"是"CPS"的补语，用来补充说明的。在翻译时，可以先将主体部分译出来，然后再译出补充说明部分，这样可以避免句式结构过于复杂，会更有利于汉语表但。本句应译为：关于出生率的数据是当前人口调查的部分结果，该项调查每个月都会以约60，000个家庭为样本进行抽样统计。

3．本句话主语是"The foreign born"，谓语是"include"后面的都是"include"的宾语。在宾语中，"such as"后的成分是修饰"temporary residents"的，也就是说临时居住者里面包括学生、临时工以及非法移民等。

本句应译为：外国出生人口包括合法移民、难民、临时居住者，诸如学生、临时工以及非法移民之类的。

4．本句难点在于，28%和25岁以及25岁以上的人两者的包含关系。

本句应译为：从教育水平来看，2005年28%的25岁以及25岁以上外籍劳动者们没有完成高中学业，相比之下，本国的劳动力中只有7%没有完成。

5．本题难点在于文章中作者灵活的使用了"a quarter"和"7 percent"来表示比例。但翻译时要把它统一过来。本句应译为：从地区来看，外籍劳动者们从西部到中西部的分布比例分别从25%到7%。