10月在职硕士英语复习：语法复习要点

来源：考试大时间：2012-09-02 08:30:26

　　语法复习要点

　　语法与词汇在联考中占20道题，10分，此部分的目的是测试学生对大纲要求的1800多词和400个左右的常用词组(以及2700个认知词汇)和语法的运用能力，从试卷上看，语法所占的比例不大，实际上，在英译汉，短文写作甚至完形填空中又间接地测试了学生的这些能力，因此学生除了熟记与掌握大纲要求达到的词汇，还应全面复习有关的语法知识。

　　本讲语法结构部分主要包括名词的数、格、形容词、情态动词、时态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、以及主谓一致等，限于篇幅，每个专题仅对部分重点内容进行简明扼要地归纳，供大家复习参考。

　　一、名词

　　(一)名词的数

　　可数名词有单、复数两种形式。复数形式除了规则变化外，应注意以下几点：

　　1.以下名词只有单数形式。

food soil population hair bread damage

advice housework homework game (猎场) furniture

work clothing air courage scenery

information dust equipment evidence fruit fun

machinery glass intelligence ice money luck

meat milk poverty news progress rice

rain sand idea想法 snow soap ignorance

tea sugarwater work traffic wealth

vocabulary poetry transportation luggage warfare

They are so excited today, for they bought a lot of furniture yesterday. （ two pieces of furniture）
注：furniture前可用pieces of或much, much 通常用在否定句或疑问句中。
My information is that she has passed the college entrance examination.

2．以下名词只有复数形式来源：考试大

goods (货物) effects (财物) papers(文件)

greens (青菜) looks (外貌) manners (礼貌)

riches(财富) arms (武器) customs (关税)

The greens are always nourishable. 青菜总是富有营养的来源：考试大。
Small arms are often carried by the soldiers. 士兵常携带小型兵器。

3．以下名词单、复数同形

aircraft Chinese fish Japanese series

sheep Swiss shark (鲨鱼) deer means

species buffalo hovercraft (气垫船) wildduck (野鸭)

There are some deer in the woods.
Blackmail is a species of crime which we all hate.

4．以下名词形式上为复数，意义上则为单数

scissors glasses trousers shoes clothes tongs

shorts (短期债券) stockings tweezers (镊子)

上述名词可用some修饰；clothes除外。也可用a pair of…
Try to find me some scissors.
He stands 1.7 meters in his stockings.

5．以下名词的复数是不规则的来源：考试大

child—children man—men woman—women

tooth—teeth foot—feet mouse—mice

louse—lice ox—oxen goose—geese

Children less than 5 years old have emotional needs that only loving parents can fill.

6．以下是一些外来词的不规则形式

analysis—analyses (分析) crisis—crises (危机)

bacterium—bacteria (细菌) criterion—criteria (标准)

diagnosis—diagnoses (诊断) medium—media (媒介)

appendix—appendices (索引) emphasis—emphases

radius—radii (辐射状部分；半径) datum—data (数据)

phenomenon—phenomena (现象) thesis—theses

formula—formulae/formulas (公式；俗套话) axis—axes (轴)

This article deals with the natural phenomenon which is most interesting to everyone. 这篇文章论述的是人人都感兴趣的那种自然现象。
The media are often accused of being biased. 传媒常常被指责有偏见。