2011年在职MBA共享笔记之英语语法概述：倒装

第四节 倒 装 

倒装语序有两类: 全部倒装和部分倒装。

全部倒装：指谓语部分全部提到主语之前；
部分倒装：指谓语的一部分提到主语之前。

倒装语序常出现在下列情况中:

1. 为避免句子部分内容重复, 英语中常用倒装句,即: so (neither, nor)+be动词(助动词, 情态动词)+主语。
My fater is an engineer; so is my husband.
Jane didn’t attend my class yesterday; nor did Torris.
"John can’t swim." "Neither can I.""约翰不会游泳。" "我也不会。"

[提示]如表示赞同别人的陈述, so后面的部分不倒装。
"Jim is a good-swimmer."
"So he is, and so is Dick."

2. 具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时, 句子一般部分倒装,即将be动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。这类词或短语包括: not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time,no sooner…(then), hardly …(when), not only…(but also)等。

Never has my brother been abroad before.
Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door.
No sonner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. 
At no time should you give up studying.在任何时候你都不应放弃读书。

[提示]

(1)如果句首的否定词修饰主语, 是主语的一部分, 则句子不用倒装。

Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.

(2) as或though引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、副词等置于句首。

Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going.
Wealthy as he is, I don’t envy him.

3. 当so, often, only等表示程序或频率的副词置于句首时, 句子一般倒装。

So great was the destruction that the south took decades to recovery.
Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical.
Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.

4. 当there, here, then, now等副词置于句首, 且谓语动词为come, go, be等词时,句子一般全部倒装。此类倒装句旨在引起别人注意。但如果主语是代词。句子则不倒装。

Look! Here comes the taxi.
Here are some letters for you to type.
Then came the chairman.

5. 当out, in, away, up, bang等方位或拟声词置于句首时, 句子一般全部倒装。此类倒装句比正常程序的句子的更生动、形象。但如主语是代词, 句子则不倒装。
Away flew the bird.
Bang goes my ace.
Away she went.
Ahead sat an old woman.

Exercises 4 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:

1. Only recently ___________ to realize the dangers caffeine(咖啡因)
 might bring to our health.

A. that scientists began               B. have scientists begun
C. scientists have begun               D. that did scientists begin

2. Not until the year of 1954 ________ made the capital of this country.

       A. the city was                        B. was the city
      C. when the city was                   D. was when the city

3. ___________ the doctor right away, he might be alive today.

       A. Should he have gone to              B. If he went to
       C. Were he to go                       D. Had he gone to

4. "Does your father call you very often?"
   "yes, my fater calls about once a week and ___________ ."

       A. so my brother does                  B. my brother does so
       C. so does my brother                  D. does so my brother

5. Hardly anything ___________ more than the happiness of seeing someone using his device for treatment.

       A. please him                          B. does please him
       C. pleases him                         D. does him please

6. So little ___________ about physics that the lecture was completely beyond me.

       A. I knew                              B. did I know
       C. I had known                         D. had I known

7. We are late! Look, ___________ !

       A. there the bus goes                  B. the bus goes there
       C. there goes the bus                   D. the bus there goes

8. Only after he has acquired considerable facility in speaking
___________ to learn to read and write.

       A. he began                            B. will he begin
       C. did he begin                        D. must he begin
9. Busy ___________ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.

       A. because                             B. as
       C. no matter how                       D. although

10. By no means ___________ create or destroy energy.

       A. we can                              B. we can’t
       C. can we                              D. shall we

11. How strange ___________ !

       A. that the children are so quiet is
       B. that the children so quiet are
       C. is the children are so quiet
       D. it is that the children are so quiet

12. Not only ___________ tolerant of other people’s opinion,
 but he is also patient.

       A. he is                               B. is he
       C. he will be                          D. will he be

13. She never laughed, ___________ lose her temper.

       A. neither she did                     B. nor did she
       C. either did she                      D. she either

14. ___________ table tennis was accepted as a regular part of
the Olympic Games.

       A. Not until 1986                B. It was not until 1986 that
       C. It was in 1986 when           D. It was until 1986 that

15. ___________ that Susan hadn’t dared to make a sound.

       A. So was he absorbed                  B. So absorbed he was
       C. So absorbed was he                  D. So he was absored