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时态
１ 一般现在时
o 定义：通常表示习惯动作、一般状态、客观真理和永恒真理。
o 构成：动词原形，如果主语是第三人称单数，其动词后需加s或es
o He always gets up late on Sunday.
o The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
一般现在时
o 使用场景
o 1 主要用来表示习惯性动作或自古已然的事态。
o Before I go to bed, I drink a glass of milk.
o He smokes heavily.
o Dogs bark.
o 2. 表示目前存在的状态(如能力、职业、特征等）
o He is a handsome young man.
o She speaks several languages fluently.
o Mary comes from New York.
o 3 当询问或引用书籍、通知或新近收到的信件的内容时
o What does the book say?
o 4. 表示计划中将来的行动或一系列行动，尤指旅途中的行动。
o We leave Beijing at 10:00 next Tuesday and arrive in Shanghai at 13:00. We spend three hours in Shanghai and leave for New York at 16:00.
o 5 表速度较快的球类比赛
o 常用的时间状语：always, often, every day, sometimes, usually, seldom, three times a day.
o 注意：在以as soon as, when, after等引导的时间状语从句中，或以if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中，通常使用一般现在时态。(主将从现）
o I'll ring you as soon as he comes back.
o You'll succeed if you try your best.
２ 现在进行时
o 定义：现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作，也表示目前一段时间内正在进行的活动。表示后一种情况时，动作也一定正在进行。
o She is playing the piano.
o I am thinking about a new plan these days.
o 常用时间状语：now, at present, always, for ever, all the time, these days, at this moment.
o 注意事项：
o 1 并非所有的动词都有进行时，有些表示状态和感觉的动词通常无进行时，除非这类动词的词义发生变化。如：be, love, like, hate, believe, think, feel, seem
o Do you see anyone over there?
o Are you seeing someone off?
o 2. 也可以表示将来的动作，它是按人们的计划，安排将要发生的动作或指即将开始的动作。
o I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
o Imagine I'm seeing the Mona Lisa.
o 3. 与always, forever等表示频繁的副词连用，强调动作之经常，长带有赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩。
o She is always cooking some delicious food for her family.
o He is always going out on Sunday.
o They're forever complaining.
３ 一般过去时
o 定义：表示过去某个特定时间发生且一下子就完成的动作，也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。
o I had a word with Mary this morning.
o He smoked forty cigarettes a day until he gave up.
o 常见时间状语：yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, once upon a time, the other day, just now, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等。
o 注意事项：
o 1 used to do& be used to doing
o He used to get up late in the morning, but now he is used to getting up early.
o 过去常常也可以用would do 表示
o They used to go to the park every Saturday.
o Every day after work, he would go to the bar and drink a glass of beer.
４ 过去进行时
o 定义：表示过去某一时刻或某一 段时间正在进行的动作。
o 常见时间状语： at that time, then, at five yesterday.
o I was watching TV at that time.
o The telephone was ringing when I came in.
o The wolf was following him all the time.
５ 一般将来时
o 定义：表示某个将来时间会发生的动作或情况，也可表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性的动作。
o He will take part in an important race across the country.
o The students will have five English classes per week this term.
o Be going to do sth
o 1 表示事先经过考虑，安排好的事情
o I'm going to answer these letters tonight.
o He is going to meet his mother at the train station today.
o 2 表示根据现有迹象将要发生的某种情况
o Look at the those clouds! It's going to rain very soon.
o Be to do 表示约定的，计划中的或按责任、义务要求即将完成的动作，也可以表示约定要发生的事情。（尤指报纸广播用以宣布官方的计划或决定）
o Be about to do 表示立刻就要发生的事情。
o The film is about to start.
o The plane is about to take off.
6 现在完成时
o 定义：表示目前已经完成的动作或刚刚完成的动作，也可表示从过去某一刻发生，现在仍延续着的动作或情况。此时态强调动作对现在的影响。
o The conference has lasted for 5 days.
o He's just bought an unusual taxi.
o The train has just left.
o 常见时间状语：
o 表示已完成：lately, already, just, yet, never, ever, before 等词连用，或不带状语。
o He has just left.
o He has finished his homework.
o Tom has rung three times already this morning.
o I have never seen him before.
o 表示未完成：since, for, so far, up to now, in the past few weeks , these days 等(多表示到目前为止这段时间）
o The couple has lived here for 20 years.
o We have been great friends ever since we first met in America.
o He has finished 3 term papers up to now.
7 过去完成时
o 定义：表示过去某时之前已完成的动作或状况。"过去的过去。"
o By the end of the war, the small workshop had become a large factory.
o They found that a stream had formed in the field.
o 典型时间状语：by (the time)＋过去时间
o By 11:30 yesterday, we had already had lunch.
o 用于hope, think, intend, mean, want, expect等动词, 表示过去未曾实现的打算、希望或意图。
o I had thought he would finish the job on time. So I wasn't worried at all.
o I had hoped to come to see you yesterday, but couldn't get away because my mother came.
8 现在完成进行时态
o 定义：
o １ 表示一个动作从过去某时间开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去。
o It has been raining heavily for three days.
o ２ 表示一个动作从过去某时间开始，一直持续到说话时才刚结束。
o We have been waiting for you for 2 hours.
现在完成时与完成进行时的差别
１ 现在完成时表未完成时必须与时间状语连用，否则表示单一的完成的动作，完成进行时可不用时间状语。
o He has lived here for 3 weeks./He has washed clothes.
o He has been working hard.
o 2 表示反复的次数时，用完成时
o I've knocked at the door five times, but I'm afraid nobody is in.
o 3 I've washed my clothes(强调完成）
o I've been washing my clothes for half an hour.(一直进行）
9 过去将来时：would +do
10 将来完成时：
o They will have stayed here for 5 months next week.
o By the end of next month, they will have studied twenty passages.
11 将来进行时
o I'll be having an English class this time tomorrow.
Thank you
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