
政策解读

快速择校
第一讲 名词
advice
n.忠告, 建议
一点意见
some advice
一条意见
a piece of advice
提出忠告
give advice
baggage
n.(=luggage)[美]行李
cash
n现金;零钱
现金支付
to pay (in) cash
你有现金吗?
Have you any cash?
clothing
n衣服(总称)
damage
n.损害, 伤害
The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.
暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。
equipment
n设备,装备
Our school has been given some new equipment.
我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。
furniture
n.家具
information
n. 消息, 知识, 信息
jewelry
n珠宝
knowledge
n.知识, 学问
laughter
n笑;笑声
leisure
n.空闲, 闲暇
leisure time
业余时间
machinery
n机器;机械(总称)
The machinery in the factory consists of several different kinds of machines.
工厂里的机械设备包括许多种不同的机器。
n.邮件
他每天有大量的信件要回复。
He has a large amount of mail to answer every day.
recognition
n承认;认可; 认得
research
n.探索,调查, (in, on into)
a very interesting piece of research
some research on the effects of brain damage
scenery
n.风景, 景色
一块肥皂
a cake [cube] of soap
traffic
n交通,来往的行人、车辆等
Traffic police are sometimes very polite.
交通警察非常有礼貌。
The city streets are full of traffic.
城市的街道上满是行人车辆。
violence
n.猛烈, 暴力
an act of violence
暴力行为
damned
adj.该死的, 被咒骂的
statistics
n.统计学, 统计表
fierce
adj.凶猛的, 猛烈的
currency
n流通; 通货;货币
giggle
n格格笑
chuckle
n.吃吃的笑声
1. 名词
名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun
2)集合名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family
3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air
4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work
1. 名词的数
一般情况 加 -s
以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词 加 -es
以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y 为i 再加es
以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:
如: two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos;
b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes
以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs;
b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
1.3名词复数的不规则变化(考点)
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2)单复同形 如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese , li,jin,yuan,two li,four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3)集合名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说
a person,a policeman,a head of cattle
the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
如: The Chinese are industrious and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
集合名词指单一(oneness)的集合体时用单数动词,指个别的(individual)组成份子时用复数动词。
My family is a large one.
My family are all very well.
这类集合名词有:army, audience, class, committee, crowd, crew全体工作人员, couple, group, staff全体职员, team, public, cabinet内阁, band
4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a.学科名词: mathematics,politics,physics, linguistics
b. 疾病名词: measles, mumps
c. news 是不可数名词。
d.专有名词: the United States,the United Nations ,
eg. The United Nations was organized in 1945.
5) 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数.
Eg. "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书
6) 表示由两部分构成的东西,
A. 衣服: trousers, pants, clothes
B: 用具: spectacles, = glasses , scissors,
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套);
a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
The scissors aren't sharp.
A pair of scissors is on the desk.
7) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:
goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
1.4 定语名词的复数(考点)
名词作定语一般用单数,如:computer room, 但也有以下例外。
1) 用复数作定语。
如:sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室
talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系
2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
如:men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。
如:goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产
customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷
4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。
如:two-dozen eggs 两打/(二十四个鸡蛋) a ten-mile walk 十里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划
个别的有用复数作定语的,如: a seven-years child
1.5 不同国家的人的单复数
名称 总称(谓语用复数) 一个人 两个人
中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians
俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians
希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美国人 the Americans an American two Americans
印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans
英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
1.6 名词的格(考点)
在英语中有些名词可以加's来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下:
1) 单数名词词尾加's,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加's",如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。
2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加',
如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
3) 凡不能加's的名词,都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。
4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。
5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有一个's,则表示'共有'。
如:John's and Mary's room(两间) John and Mary's room(一间
6) 复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。
如:a month or two's absence
1.7 名词作同位语
A.同位语和它前面的名词是指同一人或物
A neighbor, Fred Brick, is on the telephone.
B.为了加强语气,同位语也可变动位置
An unusual present, a book on ethics, awaited him.
An unusual present awaited him , a book on ethics.
1. This is ___ reading-room.
A. the student's B. student's
C. students D. the students
2. How many___ would you like?
A. paper B. bread
C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread
3. He was praised for his ___.
A. brave B. bravery
C. bravely D. great brave
4. Please get me a new ___ when you go to town.
A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers
5. There are 34___ doctors in the hospital.
A. woman B. women C. woman's D. women's
1-5 D D B B B
6. Some___ are even thinner than your little finger.
bamboo B. bamboos
C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos
7. He was born in this town and now he lives in ___.
Building second B. Building Two
C. the Building Two D. Building the Second
8. Old as he is, he has ___to do every day.
A. a lot of work B. much works
C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks
9. Jack's room is furnished with ___.
A. new furnitures B. many new furnitures
C. many new pieces of furnitures
D. many new pieces of furniture
6-9 CBAD
10. Have you read ___newspaper yet?
A. today's B. Today's
C. the today's D. your today's
11. It's not far, only ___walk from here to our school.
A. a ten minutes B. ten minutes
C. a ten minutes' D. ten minutes'
12. Last month, he wrote me ___letter.
A. a 1000-word B. 1000 words
C. a 1000-words D. 1000 words'
13. He had a ___sleep yesterday.
A. a good night B. a good-night
C. a good night's D. good-night's
14. ___is not a long way to drive.
A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distance
C. Three miles' distance D. A three-mile-distance
10-14 ADACC
15. His isn't fit for the work. Please get me ___.
A. something else B. somebody else
C. someone else's D. somebody's else
16. Do you know how large ___ is?
A. population of China B. Chinese population
C. China population D. China's population
17. ___ is too much for the boy to carry.
A. The box weight B. The box's weight
C. The weight of the box D. The box of the weight
18. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest ___ shop?
A. shoes B. shoe C. shoes' D. shoe's
19. What ___ weather we're having these days!
A. nice B. a nice C. a bad D. worse
15-19 CDCBA
somebody else别人 someone else其他人 weather: U
20. Amelia Earhart, ____ woman to make a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, was born in 1898.
A. was the first B. she was the first
C. the first who was a D. the first (D )
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