在职攻读硕士联考英语必备词汇虚拟语气的用法

2009年10月在职攻读硕士联考英语必备词汇虚拟语气的用法 
1. 动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气
（1）从句一般过去时/过去进行时（与现在事实相反）
I wish I were you.
I wish I were not so lazy.
（2）从句过去完成时/would have +过去分词/could have +过去分词（与过去事实相反）
I wish I had known the answer to the question.
She wished she had stayed at home.
I wish I could have gone with you yesterday.
（3）从句would/could +动词原形（不太可能实现的愿望）
I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
I wish I could be somebody someday.
(4) 从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与wish的时态无关
2. would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气
(1) 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I would rather you had seen the film last night
I’d rather he came tomorrow.
I’d rather you were happy.
(2) 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it.
I’d rather I had never met you.
I’d rather you had finished your work.
2. it’s time that+过去式，表示“（早）该干某事了”
I think it’s time you went to school.
It’s time you washed your hair.
It’s time you went home and had a rest.
It’s time you looked ahead and made plans for your examination.
Time前常有high/about修饰：
It’s high time you bought a new car.
I think it’s high time that she made up her mind.
3. if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同，且if only通常独立使用，后面没有主句。
If only the tapes weren’t missing.
If only I had listened to my friends!
If only I were better looking.
4. but for 要不是
But for your help, I couldn’t pass the examination.
But for my friend’s assistance, I couldn’t go through the difficult times.
5. without… 没有…的话
Without air, neither animal nor plant would live.
Without your help, I would never overcome the difficulties.
6. lest (以免，唯恐)， for fear that (以免，唯恐)
Hide it lest he see it.
He takes an umbrella for fear that it (should) rain.
She is working hard for fear (that) she should lag behind others. 
7. as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气
(1) 表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时
He speaks as if he knew everything about the accident.
They treat me as though I were a stranger.
My mother is always talking as if she were a doctor of medicine.
(2) 表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时
He talks as if he had been abroad.
You seem as if you had done all that you should have.
(3) 表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形
Exercise:
1. —What courses are you going to do next term?
—I don’t know. But it’s about time ________ on something.
A. I’m deciding                          B. I decided     
C. I decide                                D. I’d decide 
2. Robert wishes that he ________ business instead of history when he was in university.
A. studied                                  B. studies         
C. has studied                            D. had studied
3. Without electricity human life ________ quite different today.
A. will be                                  B. is                
C. would have been                   D. would be
4. If he had not gone out in the storm, he ________ alive now.
A is                                           B. would be     
C. would have been                   D. will be
5. If only I ________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.
A. had known                            B. should know
C. would know                         D. knew 
6. But for the party, he ________ of hunger fifteen years ago.
A. would have died                   B. must die
C. must have died                     D. would die    
7. Wang Ling, one of my friends, is very good at English. He speaks English as if he ________ an Englishman.
A. were                                     B. would be     
C. had been                               D. have been 
8. ________ more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. Should the captain be           B. Had the captain been
C. If the captain were               D. If the captain would have been
9. Were it not for the snowy weather, we ________ all right.
A. would be                                B. would have been  
C. may be　                              D. were
10.  He is working hard for fear that he ___.
A. failed                                  B. fails 
C. would fail                            D. fail
The answer: 1-5 BDDBD    6-10 AABAD