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¡¡¡¡Passage 1

¡¡¡¡Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.

¡¡¡¡The first difference is real life revolves round criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.

¡¡¡¡Little of his time is spent in chatting. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes.

¡¡¡¡Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as has arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks little effort is spent on searching.

¡¡¡¡Having made a really start to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.

¡¡¡¡At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time, some of them have to break the rules in small ways.

¡¡¡¡If the detective has to detective the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simples mindedness as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stared behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.

¡¡¡¡1. A police has to be trained in criminal law because_______.

¡¡¡¡A.he must work hard to help reform criminals

¡¡¡¡B.he must believe as professional lawyers do

¡¡¡¡C. he must be able to tell when and where crime is committed

¡¡¡¡D. he must justify the arrests he makes of criminals

¡¡¡¡2. What is the most suitable word that describes the work of a policeman according to the passage

¡¡¡¡A. Dangerous B. Demanding C. Distressing D. Dramatic

¡¡¡¡3. According to the passage, policemen spend most of their time an __________

¡¡¡¡A.patrolling the street, rain or shine B. tracking and arresting criminals

¡¡¡¡C. collecting and providing evidence D.consulting the rules of law

¡¡¡¡4. What¡¯s the policeman¡¯s biggest headache ______

¡¡¡¡A.He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.

¡¡¡¡B. He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.

¡¡¡¡C.He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases

¡¡¡¡D. He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible expense

¡¡¡¡5. Why do policemen feel separated from the rest of the world?

¡¡¡¡A.Because they do not receive due support from society.

¡¡¡¡B. Because they find people insincere with them.

¡¡¡¡C. Because they feel superior to simple-minded people around them.

¡¡¡¡D. Because they are suspicious of the people around them

Passage 2

¡¡¡¡Astronaut Jim Voss has enjoyed many memorable moments in his career, including three space flights and one space walk. But he recalls with special fondness a decidedly earthbound(ΪµØÇòÒýÁ¦ËùÊø¸¿µÄ) experience in the summer of 1980 when he participated in the NASAª²ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. Voss, then a science teacher at West Point, was assigned to the Marshall Space Flight Center's propulsion lab in Alabama to analyze why a hydraulic fuel pump seal on the space shuttle was working so well when previous seals had failed. It was a seemingly tiny problem among the vast complexities of running the space program. Yet it was important to NASA because any crack in the seal could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on them.

¡¡¡¡¡°I worked a bit with NASA engineers,¡± says Voss, ¡°but I did it mostly by analysis. I used a handheld calculator, not a computer, to do a thermodynamic(ÈÈÁ¦ ѧµÄ) analysis.¡± At the end of the summer, he, like the other NASAª²ASEE fellows working at Marshall, summarized his findings in a formal presentation and detailed paper. It was a valuable moment for Voss because the ASEE program gave him added understanding of NASA, deepened his desire to fly in space, and intensified his application for astronaut status.

¡¡¡¡It was not an easy process. Voss was actually passed over when he first applied for the astronaut program in 1978. Over the next nine years he reapplied repeatedly, and was finally accepted in 1987. Since then he has participated in three space missions. The 50ª²yearª²old Army officer, who lives in Houston, is now in training for a fourª²month mission as a crew member on the International Space Station starting in July 2000.

¡¡¡¡Voss says the ASEE program is wonderful for all involved. ¡°It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a special property for a particular period of time. It brings some fresh eyes and fresh ideas to NASA, and establishes a link with our colleges and universities,¡± Voss explains. ¡°There's an exchange of information and an exchange of perspectives that is very important.¡±

¡¡¡¡For the academic side, Voss says, the ASEE program also ¡°brings institutions of higher learning more insight into new technology. We give them an opportunity to work on realª²world problems and take it back to the classroom.¡±

¡¡¡¡6. Why was the hydraulic fuel pump seal important for the space shuttle?

¡¡¡¡A.Because previous seals all failed.

¡¡¡¡B.Because it was very complex in running the space program.

¡¡¡¡C.Because great care has to be taken of the hydraulic fuel pump sealing.

¡¡¡¡D.Because any crack in the seals would cause disastrous results for the astronauts.

¡¡¡¡7. The great significance of Voss's findings lies in _______.

¡¡¡¡A. strengthening his determination to join in space flights

¡¡¡¡B. furthering his understanding of NASA

¡¡¡¡C. consolidating his astronaut status in NASA programs

¡¡¡¡D. Both A and B

¡¡¡¡8. How many flights will Voss have finished if his fourª²month mission starting in July 2000 ends up successfully?

¡¡¡¡A. Three. B. Two. C.Four. D. Five.

¡¡¡¡9. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to what Voss said on the ASEE program?

¡¡¡¡A. Fresh members from the academic world participate in the program.

¡¡¡¡B. The program brings new outlooks to NASA space programs.

¡¡¡¡C.It is important for the space scientists to exchange information and perspectives.

¡¡¡¡D. American colleges and universities are a special property of NASA.

¡¡¡¡10. What does Voss want to stress in the last paragraph?

¡¡¡¡A. The technological significance of the program.

¡¡¡¡B. The educational significance of the program.

¡¡¡¡C. The philosophical significance of the program.

¡¡¡¡D. The historical significance of the program.¬¡

¡¡Passage 3

¡¡¡¡It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip co Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross's campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. "I knew the statistics," she said. "But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13- year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her."

¡¡¡¡The Princess concluded with a simple message: "We must stop landmines". And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message.

¡¡¡¡But, back in London, her views were not' shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack On the Princess in the press. They described her as "very ill-informed" and a "loose cannon (ÂÒ·ÅÅܵÄÈË)

¡¡¡¡The Princess responded by brushing aside the Criticisms: "This is a distraction ( ¸ÉÈÅ) we do not need. All I'm trying to do is help."

¡¡¡¡Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their Support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess's trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government's policy regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government.

¡¡¡¡To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkidnd, claimed that the Princess's views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was "working towards" a worldwide ban. The Defence Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was "a misinterpretation or misunderstanding." -

¡¡¡¡For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems.

¡¡¡¡11. Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997

¡¡¡¡ A. to clarify the British government's stand on landmines

¡¡¡¡ B.to establish her image as a friend 'of landmine victims

¡¡¡¡ C. to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims there

¡¡¡¡ D.to voice her support for a total ban of landmines

¡¡¡¡12. What did Diana mean when she said "... putting a face tO those figures brought the reality home to me" (Line 5, Para. 1)?

¡¡¡¡ A.Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.

¡¡¡¡ B. She just couldn't bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.

¡¡¡¡ C. The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.

¡¡¡¡ D. Seeing the pain of the victims ma&her realize the seriousness of the situation.

¡¡¡¡13. Some members of the British government criticized Diana because

¡¡¡¡ A.she had not consulted the government before the visit

¡¡¡¡ B.she was ill-informed of the government's policy

¡¡¡¡ C. they were actually opposed to banning landmines

¡¡¡¡ D. they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola

¡¡¡¡14. How did Diana respond to the criticisms?

¡¡¡¡ A. She made more appearances on TV. B. She paid no attention to them.

¡¡¡¡ C. She rose to argue with her opponents. D. She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.

¡¡¡¡15. What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?

¡¡¡¡ A.It had caused embarrassment to the British government.

¡¡¡¡ B. It had greatly promoted her popularity.

¡¡¡¡ C.It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.

¡¡¡¡ D. It had affected her relations with the British government.