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2008年10月高等教育自学考试英语写作常识 |
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作者: 发布时间:2008-07-21 10:42:54 来源:育路自学考试频道 |
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第二部分:写作常识 一、图形种类及概述法: 泛指一份数据图表:a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图:pie chart 直方图或柱形图:bar chart/histogram 趋势曲线图:line chart/curve diagram 表格图:table 流程图或过程图:flow chart/sequence diagram 程序图:processing/procedures diagram 以下是一些较常用的描述用法 The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) According to the table/chart diagram/graph As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, figures/statistics shows (that)…… It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can see from the figures/statistics It is clear from the figures/statistics It is apparent from the figures/statistics table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) …… table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how 二、data的具体表达法 data在某一个时间段固定不变:fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变:changes over time 持续变化的data在不同情况下: 增加:increase/raise/rise/go up …… 减少:decrease/grow down/drop/fall …… 波动:fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave …… 稳定:remain stable/stabilize/level off …… 最常用的两种表达法: 动词 + 副词形式(Verb+Adverb form) 形容词 + 名词形式(Adjective+Noun form) 1. Verb+Adverb form The number of XXX +increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate…… +insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly…… +from (第一时间) to (第二时间)/between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 2. Adjective+Noun form There was a (very) sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight +increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation (注意:上述很多词不可用于修饰fluctuation) +in the number of XXX from (第一时间) to (第二时间)/between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 描述稳定的data: The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一时间) to (第二时间)/between (第一时间) and (第二时间) The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一时间) to (第二时间)/between (第一时间) and (第二时间) There was little change/hardly any change/no change in the number of XXX from from (第一时间) to (第二时间)/between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 描述不同状态的data Noun form: steady drop/sharp rise peak/dramatic fall/sharp drop Verbal form: (to) bottom out/(to) reach the bottom/(to) increase gradually/(to) reach a plateau/(to) remain steady 描述the highest point以及the lowest point 高点极值: The monthly profit/The figures/The situation …… +peaked in (月份/年) <准确时间点用at XXX> at XXX%/XXX(极点data) 或者reached a peak/a high point at XXX%/XXX(极点data) 低点极值: XXX bottomed out/reached +rock/the bottom/a low point 或者hit a trough 此外,在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences,最常用的固定搭配如下: 并列: as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what’s more, apart from …… 举例: for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially 事实: as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as …… 雷同/近似:similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally …… 转折: however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of …… 原因与结果 1. cause-suggestion (几乎不常用) since/now that ……; I hope that…… because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that…… 2. cause-effect (较常用) XXX lead to/bring about/result in/ account for …… (一个句子), therefore/thus/hence/as a result/consequently/(and) so …… 3. effect-cause (较常用) XXX be caused by/result from/be the result of/be the effect of/be the consequence of …… (一个句子), because …… it is adj. that …… it is unimaginable that …… it is undeniable that …… it is interesting to discover that …… 育路自考
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