2005年4月自考<英语国家概况>试题

全部题目用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。
Ⅰ. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (40 points, 1 point for each)
1.Traditional British farming involved（　　　）, which dated back to the 5th century.
A. the open field system
B. the system of crop rotation
C. the use of artificial fertilizer
D. the use of new agricultural machinery
2.In Britain, the First Civil War was fought between the Roundheads who were the parliamentary soldiers led by（　　　）, and the Cavaliers who were King Charles’s supporters.
A. John Lilburne B. Oliver Cromwell
C. Prince Rupert D. William Joyce
3.（　　　）radically changed the face of London for the first time since the Great Fire nearly three centuries earlier.
A. The Black Death B. The Civil War
C. The First World War D. The Blitz
4.The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for all men, and it took its name form“（　　　）”.
A. The Bill of Rights B. The Agreement of the People
C. the People’s Charter D. the Great Charter
5.Today, the Domesday Book is kept in the Public Records Office in（　　　）.
A. Cambridge B. Oxford
C. London D. York
6.In Britain, thanks to the militant feminist movement of the suffragettes before the First World War, votes were granted to women over（　　　）in 1918.
A. 20 B.25
C. 30 D. 35
7.By（　　　）Britain had built up a big empire, “on which the sun never set”.
A. 1900 B. 1910
C. 1920 D. 1930
8.In Britain, the Tories were the forerunners of（　　　）, which still bears the nickname today.
A. the Labor Party B. the Conservative Party
C. the Liberal Party D. the Social Democratic Party
9.The eldest son of Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ——Prince Charles, Prince of（　　　）, is the heir to the throne.
A. England B. Scotland
C. Wales D. Northern Ireland
10.In Britain, a full meeting of（　　　）is called only when a Sovereign dies or announces his or her intention to marry.
A. the Privy Council B. the House of Lords
C. the House of Commons D. the Parliament
11.In Britain, the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of（　　　）.
A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Prime Minister
C. the Speaker D. the Attorney General
12.In Britain, the Speaker is a member who is acceptable to all shades of opinion in （　　　）.
A. the Privy Council B. the House of Lords
C. the Supreme Court D. the House of Commons
13.The British government departments are staffed by members of（　　　）, whose duty is to assist in carrying out laws passed by Parliament.
A. the Civil Service B. the Privy Council
C. the House of Lords D. the House of Commons
14.In the 1970s, oil was discovered in（　　　）, but the revenue from oil did not create an economic miracle for Britain.
A. the English Channel B. the Irish Sea
C. the St. George Sea D. the North Sea
15.Local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue through（　　　）.
A. the income tax B. the council tax
C. the capital receipts D. personal contribution
16.The modern games of tennis originated in（　　　）in the late 19th century.
A. Scotland B. Ireland
C. England D. Wales
17.America was named after（　　　）.
A. Italian navigator Columbus
B. navigator Amerigo Vespucci
C. some Indian chieftain
D. George Washington, founding father of the United States
18.Between 1860 and 1990, the United States witnessed（　　　）large-scale population movements.
A. 2 B. 3
C. 4 D. 5
19.At the beginning of the Berlin Blockade, President Truman turned down the option of（　　　）.
A. sending supplies through the highways, protected by tanks and troops
B. sending supplies through the waterways
C. starting large-scale airlifting
D. staring limited airlifting to test the Soviets
20.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of（　　　）.
A. coal B. electricity
C. oil D. wheat
21.During the War of Independence, America allied with（　　　）.
A. Spain B. France
C. Holland D. Germany
22.The Constitutional Convention in America was attended by（　　　）.
A. all of the 13 states
B. all of the states except Maryland
C. all of the states except Rhode Island
D. all of the states, but later Rhode Island withdrew from the convention
23.President Theodore Roosevelt made use of the Hepburn Act to（　　　）.
A. regulate federal-funded electricity project
B. maintain forest reserves
C. regulate railway price
D. ban corporation merger
24.In the United States, Henry Ford became famous（　　　）.
A. because of his wealth
B. because he set up the Standard Oil Corporation
C. because he was the first to invent cars
D. because of his Model T automobile
25.The attitude of many Americans toward different political views after WWⅡ can be described as（　　　）.
A. following the main trend of view B. intolerant
C. indifferent D. tolerant
26.In the U.S., the Red Scare refers to（　　　）.
A. a senseless hysteria about the danger of communism
B. a fear of Soviet subversion
C. a senseless hate of anything foreign
D. an intolerance of any idea different from the mainstream idea
27.Urbanization was realized in the U.S.（　　　）.
A. in 1900 B. in 1910
C. after WW I D. after WWⅡ
28.In the United States, the“winner-take-all”system applies to（　　　）.
A. all the states B. a majority of the states
C. all states except Maine D. only Maine
29.In “Old Man and Sea”, Hemingway praises the old man’s attitude towards（　　　）.
A. defeat and failure B. the sea
C. his work D. nature
30.In order to remember George Washington（　　　）.
A. a memorial hall was built in his birthplace
B. a memorial hall was built in Washington D.C.
C. a tall white Washington Monument was built in the capital
D. an expensive car was named after him
31.The final breakaway of American foreign policy from isolationism was（　　　）.
A. the bombing of Pearl Harbor
B. the fall of France
C. German attack of the Soviet Union
D. the battle of Britain
32.In the U.S., the fastest growing minority group is（　　　）.
A. the African-American B. the Hispanic-American
C. the Native Indians D. the Asian-American
33.The name “Canada”is believed to be derived from an Indian word“Kanata”, meaning（　　　）.
A. a settlement B. a country
C. a meeting place D. a colony
34.Quebec differs from the provinces of Canada because（　　　）.
A. it has the largest population
B. it was the first European settlement
C. it has a strong French culture
D. it is more highly developed than other parts of Canada
35.Australia’s most common native plants are（　　　）.
A. palms and roses B. willows and sunflowers
C. pines and orchids D. eucalypts and wattles
36.The first white settlement in Australia was set up on January 26,（　　　）.
A. 1778 B. 1788
C. 1878 D. 1888
37.Ireland is called the Emerald Isle because of（　　　）.
A. its shape B. its connection with Britain
C. its abundant natural resources D. its green countryside
38.The central part of Ireland is characterized by many lakes, low ridges and（　　　）.
A. peat bogs B. rapid streams
C. small islands D. high cliffs
39.New Zealand consists of two main islands:（　　　）.
A. North Island and South island
B. Steward Island and Long Island
C. West Island and East Island
D. Victorian island and Tasman Island
40.New Zealand’s climate is generally（　　　）and seasonal differences are not so great.
A. dry and cold B. mild and moist
C. hot and wet D. windy and cold
PART TWO (60 POINTS)
Ⅱ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)
41.How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?
42.What is the main function of the House of Lords in Britain?
43.What was the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England?
44.Which sport is regarded as typically English?
45.What are the principal functions of American higher education?
46.What is meant by Operation Overlord?
47.Why Americans are always on the move?
48.How will you characterize American foreign policy in the early 1930s?
49.What are the main characteristics of Canadian climate?
50.Geographically, Australia can be divided into three major regions. What are they?
Ⅲ.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points, 5 points for each)
51.Stonehenge
52.The Metropolitan Police Force
53.Foreclosure
54.Chicano
Ⅳ.Write between 100-120 words on EITHER of the following topics in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(10 points)
55.What is Thatcherism and what are the major components of Thatcherism?
56.In what sense was the War of 1812 important to the development of the United States?