（一）代词概述

    代词用来代替名词，在句中充当主语、宾语和表语，有时还可以充当定语。

    代词在考试命题中主要是代词格的变化、代词单复数形式以及不定代词和it
的用法等。

    （二）基本知识梳理

    1.人称代词：主格作主语，宾格用作及物动词和介词的宾语。

    He often helps me. Who is at the door ？ It's me. The bicycle belongs
to Tom and me.出现并列主语或宾语时，其排列顺序为：单数时是第二、第三、
第一人称（简称231 ）即you ，he and I或you ，her and me；复数时是第一、
第二、第三人称（简称123 ）即we，you and they或us，you and them.

    2.物主代词：形容词性物主代词作定语，后加名词；而名词性物主代词等于
形容词性物主代词加名词。如： This is my book. = This book is mine.名词
性物主代词可做主语、宾语和表语。如：Your pen is blue. Mine is blue，too.
May I use your pen？ I've lost mine. She is a classmate of his. The bike
is hers.

    3.反身代词：用作宾语和起强调作用。

    1 ）作宾语Help yourself to some cakes. I can look at myself in the
mirror. They should think more of the public health than themselves.

    2 ）作强调We do homework by ourselves. I myself go to the airport
to meet my uncle.

    4.指示代词

    1 ）this，that，these ，those What's this （that）？ It's a book.
What are these（those ）？ They are books. this 和these 比较靠近，that
和those 稍远一点。

    2 ）it的用法（1 ）指物：It's a robot. （2 ）指自然现象： It's raining
now ， but it will be fine soon.（3 ）指时间：What time is it ？ It's
8 o'clock.（4 ）指距离：It's twenty minutes' walk.（5 ）作形式主语：It's
important for us to fight pollution. It took me half an hour to finish
the work. It's kind of you to say so. （6 ）作形式宾语： We think it necessary
to relax from time to time.

    5.不定代词

    1 ）some，any

    some用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句和疑问句中。如：There are some pens
on the desk. There aren't any pens on the desk. Are there any pens on
the desk？

    Some are Chinese. Others are English. 在表示请求、建议、反问等句子
中，用some而不是用any.如：Would you like some drink ？

    any 也可以表示任何一个。如：Do you know any of her friends？

    If you have any questions ， you can ask me.

    2 ）复合不定代词：something ， anything ，nothing ，everything，somebody，
anybody ，nobody，everybody ，someone ，anyone，no one，everyone，somewhere，
anywhere，nowhere ，everywhere这些不定代词都作单数，表示“某物”、“某
人”、“某地”。

    （1 ）作主语：Someone is waiting for you. No one is in the classroom.

    （2 ）作宾语：Have you got anything to say？

    Did you see anything else in the classroom？

    （3 ）不定代词被形容词修饰时，定语放在它们的后面。如：I ‘ve got something
interesting to tell you. There's nothing new in the newspaper.

    3 ）a few ，few ，a little，little前两者修饰可数名词，后两者修饰不
可数名词。few ，little表示否定，意思是几乎没有；a few ，a little表示肯
定，意思是还有几个、有一点。如：There is still a little time left ， you
needn't hurry. I can't buy anything because I have little money on me.

    4 ）both（两者都，复数），all （三者以上都，复数），neither （两者
都不，单数），none（三者以上都不，单复数），either（两者中的一个，单数），
both……and ， neither……nor ， either ……or

    （1 ）作主语：Both of the twins are doctors. All of them are honest.
Neither of them is a doctor. None of them is/are honest.（2 ）词组：Both
Li Ping and I are students. Neither Li Ping nor I am a student. （3 ）

    作形容词：on both sides of the river on either side of the river

    注意下面句子转化：Both of them are teachers.改成否定句是： Neither
of them is a teacher. All of us are students. 改成否定句是： None of us
is a student. 或： None of us are students.

    5 ）one ……the other （s ）表示一个……其余的……，是有范围的；some
……others表示一些……另一些……，是无范围的；another 表示很多中的另一
个，再……个。如：He has two brothers. One is an engineer ， the other
is a writer. Some like football. Others like basketball. Some books on
the shelf are in Chinese， the others in English. She will be in hospital
for another two weeks.（她将在医院再住两星期。）