例：THE METHODS THAT A COMMUNITY DEVISES TO PERPETUATE ITSELF COME INTO
BEING TO PRESERVE ASPECTS OF THE CULTURAL LEGACY THAT THAT COMMUNITY
PERCEIVES AS ESSENTIAL.
翻译：一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方
面。
读法：初级：读出主谓宾来。分析：主语：THE METHODS； 谓语：COM INTO BEING；不
定式TO引导表示目的状语。高级：直接读，见后。
考查能力：考查考生的大脑容量。
例：MOREOVER, I CAN FEEL STRONG EMOTIONS IN RESPONSE TO OBJECTS OF ART THAT
ARE INTERPRETATIONS, RATHER THAN REPRESENTATIONS, OF REALITY. (LSAT)
读法：初级：跳过插入语； 高级：直接读。
考查能力：大脑容量+抗干扰能力 。
第三类：倒装：由于应该放在句首的成分太长，因此倒装到句末。也是一种人为现
象。
例：THAT SEX RATIO WILL BE FAVORED WHICH MAXIMIZES THE NUMBER OF
DESCENDANTS AN INDIVIDUAL WILL HAVE AND HENCE THE NUMBER OF GENE COPIES
TRANSMITTED.
读法：需要经过训练后才能按正常语序读。
正常语序：THAT SEX RATIO WHICH MAXIMIZES THE NUMBER OF DESCENDANTS THAT AN
INDIVIDUAL WILL HAVE AND HENCE THE SEX RATION WHICH MAXIMIZE THE NUMBER OF
GENE COPIES TRANSMITTED WILL BE FAVORED。
高级读法：直接读，见后。
考查能力：大脑的排序能力。
第四类：省略：相对以上三种来讲比较简单，在短句中大家一般都可以看出。但是如果
在长句中出现，特别是如果与以上三种之一甚至几种同时出现，也会给同学们带来很大
的困难。如上例原句中的省略，在第二个THE NUMBER OF 前省略了“SEX RATIO WHICH
MAXIMIZES”。
GRE难句的典型结构
1、 长成分
1）、长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分
A、 主语从句
B、 宾语从句
2）、长状语
3）、层层修饰
4）、并列成分
2、 常见倒装搭配
（1）、及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：BRING A
TO B，写作：BRING TO B A
例：YET WALTZER’S ARGUMENT, HOWEVER DEFICIENT, DOES POINT TO ONE OF THE
MOST SERIOUS WEAKNESSES OF CAPITALISM-NAMELY, THAT IT BRINGS TO PREDOMINANT
POSITIONS IN A SOCIETY PEOPLE WHO, NO MATTER HOW LEGITIMATELY THEY HAVE
EARNED THEIR MATERIAL REWARDS, OFTEN LACK THOSE OTHER QUALITIES THAT EVOKE
AFFECTION OR ADMIRATION.
类似的情况：THROW OVER, INSERT INTO, IMPORT INTO, INFER FROM, ESTABLISH
FOR, ADVOCATE AS 等
（2）、及物动词加副词
例：MAKE POSSIBLE …(单词或者句子)
3、 省略的几种情况
（1）、重复的成分
（2）、让步转折的省略：如ALTHOUGH (BUT)
（3）、定语从句引导词的省略WHICH（THAT ）
（4）、定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语
如：QUALITIES(SUCH AS “THE CAPACITY FOR HARD WORK”) ESSENTIAL IN
PRODUCING WEALTH
4、 短语被分割：如：SUCH AS, SO THAT, TOO TO, MORE THAN, FROM A TO B,
BETWEEN A AND B
5、 多重否定：如：
DESPITE THESE VAGUE CATEGORIES, ONE SHOULD NOT CLAIM UNEQUIVOCALLY THAT
HOSTILITY BETWEEN RECOGNIZABLE CLASSES CANNOT BE LEGITIMATELY OBSERVED.
1.THAT SEX RATIO WILL BE FAVORED WHICH MAXIMIZES THE NUMBER OF DESCENDANTS
AN INDIVIDUAL WILL HAVE AND HENCE THE NUMBER OF GENE COPIES TRANSMITTED. (难
度系数5，下同)
2.(THIS IS) A DESIRE TO THROW OVER REALITY A LIGHT THAT NEVER WAS MIGHT
GIVE AWAY ABRUPTLY TO THE DESIRE ON THE PART OF WHAT WE MIGHT CONSIDER A
NOVELIST-SCIENTIST TO RECORD EXACTLY AND CONCRETELY THE STRUCTURE AND
TEXTURE OF A FLOWER. (5++)
3.HARDY’S WEAKNESS DERIVED FROM HIS APPARENT INABILITY TO CONTROL THE
COMINGS AND GOINGS OF THESE DIVERGENT IMPULSES AND FROM HIS UNWILLINGNESS
TO CULTIVATE AND SUSTAIN THE ENERGETIC AND RISKY ONES. (3)
4.VIRGINIA WOOLF’S PROVOCATIVE STATEMENT ABOUT HER INTENTIONS IN WRITING
MRS. DALLOWAY HAS REGULARLY BEEN IGNORED BY THE CRITICS, SINCE IT
HIGHLIGHTS AN ASPECT OF HER LITERARY INTERESTS VERY DIFFERENT FROM THE
TRADITIONAL PICTURE OF THE "POETIC" NOVELIST CONCERNED WITH EXAMINING STATES
OF REVERIE AND VISION AND WITH FOLLOWING THE INTRICATE PATHWAYS OF
INDIVIDUAL CONSCIOUSNESS. (5)
5.AS SHE PUT IT IN THE COMMON READER, “IT IS SAFE TO SAY THAT NOT A SINGLE
LAW HAS BEEN FRAMED OR ONE STONE SET UPON ANOTHER BECAUSE OF ANYTHING
CHAUCER SAID OR WROTE; AND YET, AS WE READ HIM, WE ARE ABSORBING MORALITY
AT EVERY PORE.” (5-)
6. WITH THE CONCLUSION OF A BURST ACTIVITY, THE LACTIC ACID LEVEL IS HIGH
IN THE BODY FLUIDS, LEAVING THE LARGE ANIMAL VULNERABLE TO ATTACK UNTIL THE
ACID IS RECONVERTED, VIA OXIDATIVE METABOLISM, BY THE LIVER INTO GLUCOSE,
WHICH IS THEN SENT (IN PART) BACK TO THE MUSCLES FOR GLYCOGEN RESYNTHESIS.
(4+)
7.ALTHOUGH GUTMAN ADMITS THAT FORCED SEPARATION BY SALE WAS FREQUENT, HE
SHOWS THAT THE SLAVES’ PREFERENCE, REVEALED MOST CLEARLY ON PLANTATIONS
WHERE SALE WAS INFREQUENT, WAS VERY MUCH FOR STABLE MONOGAMY. (3+)
8.GUTMAN ARGUES CONVINCINGLY THAT THE STABILITY OF THE BLACK FAMILY
ENCOURAGED THE TRANSMISSION OF — AND SO WAS CRUCIAL IN SUSTAINING — THE
BLACK HERITAGE OF FOLKLORE, MUSIC, AND RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION FROM ONE
GENERATION TO ANOTHER, A HERITAGE THAT SLAVES WERE CONTINUALLY FASHIONING
OUT OF THEIR AFRICAN AND AMERICAN EXPERIENCES. (4)
9.THIS PREFERENCE FOR EXOGAMY, GUTMAN SUGGESTS, MAY HAVE DERIVED FROM WEST
AFRICAN RULES GOVERNING MARRIAGE, WHICH, THOUGH THEY DIFFERED FROM ONE
TRIBAL GROUP TO ANOTHER, ALL INVOLVED SOME KIND OF PROHIBITION AGAINST
UNIONS WITH CLOSE KIN. (3+)
古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽
管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻
（UNION WITH CLOSE KIN）的禁止。
10.HIS THESIS WORKS RELATIVELY WELL WHEN APPLIED TO DISCRIMINATION AGAINST
BLACKS IN THE UNITED STATES, BUT HIS DEFINITION OF RACIAL PREJUDICE
AS "RACIALLY-BASED NEGATIVE PREJUDGMENTS AGAINST A GROUP GENERALLY ACCEPTED
AS A RACE IN ANY GIVEN REGION OF ETHNIC COMPETITION, "CAN BE INTERPRETED AS
ALSO INCLUDING HOSTILITY TOWARD SUCH ETHNIC GROUPS AS THE CHINESE IN
CALIFORNIA AND THE JEWS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE. (4+)
11.SUCH VARIATIONS IN SIZE, SHAPE, CHEMISTRY, CONDUCTION SPEED, EXCITATION
THRESHOLD, AND THE LIKE AS HAD BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN NERVE CELLS REMAINED
NEGLIGIBLE IN SIGNIFICANCE FOR ANY POSSIBLE CORRELATION WITH THE MANIFOLD
DIMENSIONS OF MENTAL EXPERIENCE. (5)
12.IT WAS POSSIBLE TO DEMONSTRATE BY OTHER METHODS REFINED STRUCTURAL
DIFFERENCES AMONG NEURON TYPES; HOWEVER, PROOF WAS LACKING THAT THE QUALITY
OF THE IMPULSE OR ITS CONDITION WAS INFLUENCED BY THESE DIFFERENCES, WHICH
SEEMED INSTEAD TO INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNING OF THE NEURAL
CIRCUITS. (5)
13.ALTHOUGH QUALITATIVE VARIANCE AMONG NERVE ENERGIES WAS NEVER RIGIDLY
DISPROVED, THE DOCTRINE WAS GENERALLY ABANDONED IN FAVOR OF THE OPPOSING
VIEW, NAMELY, THAT NERVE IMPULSES ARE ESSENTIALLY HOMOGENEOUS IN QUALITY
AND ARE TRANSMITTED AS "COMMON CURRENCY" THROUGHOUT THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. (4)
14.OTHER EXPERIMENTS REVEALED SLIGHT VARIATIONS IN THE SIZE, NUMBER,
ARRANGEMENT, AND INTERCONNECTION OF THE NERVE CELLS, BUT AS FAR AS
PSYCHONEURAL CORRELATIONS WERE CONCERNED, THE OBVIOUS SIMILARITIES OF THESE
SENSORY FIELDS TO EACH OTHER SEEMED MUCH MORE REMARKABLE THAN ANY OF THE
MINUTE DIFFERENCES. (4-)
15.ALTHOUGH SOME EXPERIMENTS SHOW THAT, AS AN OBJECT BECOMES FAMILIAR, ITS
INTERNAL REPRESENTATION BECOMES MORE HOLISTIC AND THE RECOGNITION PROCESS
CORRESPONDINGLY MORE PARALLEL, THE WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE SEEMS TO SUPPORT THE
SERIAL HYPOTHESIS, AT LEAST FOR OBJECTS THAT ARE NOT NOTABLY SIMPLE AND
FAMILIAR. (4+)
16.IN LARGE PART AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT, HISTORIANS
HAVE FOCUSED A GREAT DEAL OF ATTENTION IN RECENT YEARS ON DETERMINING MORE
ACCURATELY THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN VARIOUS PERIODS. (3+)
17.IF ONE BEGINS BY EXAMINING WHY ANCIENTS REFER TO AMAZONS, IT BECOMES
CLEAR THAT ANCIENT GREEK DESCRIPTIONS OF SUCH SOCIETIES WERE MEANT NOT SO
MUCH TO REPRESENT OBSERVED HISTORICAL FACT — REAL AMAZONIAN SOCIETIES —
BUT RATHER TO OFFER “MORAL LESSONS” ON THE SUPPOSED OUTCOME OF WOMEN’S
RULE IN THEIR OWN SOCIETY. (4)
18.THUS, FOR INSTANCE, IT MAY COME AS A SHOCK TO MATHEMATICIANS TO LEARN
THAT THE SCHRODINGER EQUATION FOR THE HYDROGEN ATOM IS NOT A LITERALLY
CORRECT DESCRIPTION OF THIS ATOM, BUT ONLY AN APPROXIMATION TO A SOMEWHAT
MORE CORRECT EQUATION TAKING ACCOUNT OF SPIN, MAGNETIC DIPOLE, AND
RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS；AND THAT THIS CORRECTED EQUATION IS ITSELF ONLY AN
IMPERFECT APPROXIMATION TO AN INFINITE SET OF QUANTUM FIELD-THEORETICAL
EQUATIONS. (5)
19.THE PHYSICIST RIGHTLY DREADS PRECISE ARGUMENT, SINCE AN ARGUMENT THAT IS
CONVINCING ONLY IF IT IS PRECISE LOSES ALL ITS FORCE IF THE ASSUMPTIONS ON
WHICH IT IS BASED ARE SLIGHTLY CHANGED, WHEREAS AN ARGUMENT THAT IS
CONVINCING THOUGH IMPRECISE MAY WELL BE STABLE UNDER SMALL PERTURBATIONS OF
ITS UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS. (5+)
20.HOWEVER, AS THEY GAINED COHESION, THE BLUESTOCKINGS CAME TO REGARD
THEMSELVES AS A WOMEN’S GROUP AND TO POSSESS A SENSE OF FEMALE SOLIDARITY
LACKING IN THE SALOONIERES, WHO REMAINED ISOLATED FROM ONE ANOTHER BY THE
PRIMACY EACH HELD IN HER OWN SALON. (4-)
21.AS MY OWN STUDIES HAVE ADVANCED, I HAVE BEEN INCREASINGLY IMPRESSED WITH
THE FUNCTIONAL SIMILARITIES BETWEEN INSECT AND VERTEBRATE SOCIETIES AND
LESS SO WITH THE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES THAT SEEM, AT FIRST GLANCE, TO
CONSTITUTE SUCH AN IMMENSE GULF BETWEEN THEM. (5)
22.ALTHOUGH FICTION ASSUREDLY SPRINGS FROM POLITICAL CIRCUMSTANCES, ITS
AUTHORS REACT TO THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES IN WAYS OTHER THAN IDEOLOGICAL, AND
TALKING ABOUT NOVELS AND STORIES PRIMARILY AS INSTRUMENTS OF IDEOLOGY
CIRCUMVENTS MUCH OF THE FICTIONAL ENTERPRISE. (4)
24.IN ADDITION, THE STYLE OF SOME BLACK NOVELS, LIKE JEAN TOOMER’S CANE,
VERGES ON EXPRESSIONISM OR SURREALISM; DOES THIS TECHNIQUE PROVIDE A
COUNTERPOINT TO THE PREVALENT THEME THAT PORTRAYS THE FATE AGAINST WHICH
BLACK HEROES ARE PITTED, A THEME USUALLY CONVEYED BY MORE NATURALISTIC
MODES OF EXPRESSION? (5)
25.BLACK FICTION SURVEYS A WIDE VARIETY OF NOVELS, BRINGING TO OUR
ATTENTION IN THE PROCESS SOME FASCINATING AND LITTLE-KNOWN WORKS LIKE
JAMES WELDON JOHNSON’S AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN EX- COLORED MAN. (4)
《黑人小说》考察了极为广泛的一系列小说，在此过程中让我们注意到了某些引人入胜
但却鲜为人知的作品，如詹姆斯。韦尔登。约翰逊（JAMES WELDON JOHNSON）的《一个
曾经是有色人的自传》（AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN EX-COLORED MAN）。
26.ALTHOUGH THESE MOLECULES ALLOW RADIATION AT VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS, WHERE
MOST OF THE ENERGY OF SUNLIGHT IS CONCENTRATED, TO PASS THROUGH, THEY
ABSORB SOME OF THE LONGER-WAVELENGTH, INFRARED EMISSIONS RADIATED FROM
THE EARTH’S SURFACE, RADIATION THAT WOULD OTHERWISE BE TRANSMITTED BACK
INTO SPACE. (4)
27.THE ROLE THOSE ANTHROPOLOGISTS ASCRIBE TO EVOLUTION IS NOT OF DICTATING
THE DETAILS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR BUT ONE OF IMPOSING CONSTRAINTS — WAYS OF
FEELING, THINKING, AND ACTING THAT "COME NATURALLY" IN ARCHETYPAL
SITUATIONS IN ANY CULTURE. (4)
28.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MOST PROBABLY PROVIDES AN APPROPRIATE ANALOGY
FROM HUMAN MORPHOLOGY FOR THE “DETAILS” VERSUS “CONSTRAINTS”
DISTINCTION MADE IN THE PASSAGE IN RELATION TO HUMAN BEHAVIOR? (5)
29.A LOW NUMBER OF ALGAL CELLS IN THE PRESENCE OF A HIGH NUMBER OF GRAZERS
SUGGESTED, BUT DID NOT PROVE, THAT THE GRAZERS HAD REMOVED MOST OF THE
ALGAE. (3+)
30.PERHAPS THE FACT MANY OF THESE FIRST STUDIES CONSIDERED ONLY ALGAE OF A
SIZE THAT COULD BE COLLECTED IN A NET (NET PHYTOPLANKTON), A PRACTICE THAT
OVERLOOKED THE SMALLER PHYTOPLANKTON (NANNOPLANKTON) THAT WE NOW KNOW
GRAZERS ARE MOST LIKELY TO FEED ON, LED TO A DE-EMPHASIS OF THE ROLE OF
GRAZERS IN SUBSEQUENT RESEARCH. (5)
31.STUDIES BY HARGRAVE AND GEEN ESTIMATED NATURAL COMMUNITY GRAZING RATES
BY MEASURING FEEDING RATES OF INDIVIDUAL ZOOPLANKTON SPECIES IN THE
LABORATORY AND THEN COMPUTING COMMUNITY GRAZING RATES FOR FIELD CONDITIONS
USING THE KNOWN POPULATION DENSITY OF GRAZERS. (5)
32.IN THE PERIODS OF PEAK ZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE, THAT IS, IN THE LATE
SPRING AND IN THE SUMMER, HANEY RECORDED MAXIMUM DAILY COMMUNITY
GRAZING RATES, FOR NUTRIENT-POOR LAKES AND BOG LAKES, RESPECTIVELY, OF 6.6
PERCENT AND 114 PERCENT OF DAILY PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION. (3+)
33.THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE, A MAJOR TOPIC IN THIS SCIENCE, IS THE COMPLETE
CYCLE OF PHENOMENA THROUGH WHICH WATER PASSES, BEGINNING AS ATMOSPHERIC
WATER VAPOR, PASSING INTO LIQUID AND SOLID FORM AS PRECIPITATION, THENCE
ALONG AND INTO THE GROUND SURFACE, AND FINALLY AGAIN RETURNING TO THE FORM
OF ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR BY MEANS OF EVAPORATION AND TRANSPIRATION. (4)
34.ONLY WHEN A SYSTEM POSSESSES NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL BOUNDARIES THAT
ASSOCIATE THE WATER WITHIN IT THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE MAY THE ENTIRE SYSTEM
PROPERLY BE TERMED HYDROGEOLOGIC. (4)
35.THE HISTORIAN FREDERICK J. TURNER WROTE IN THE 1890’S THAT THE AGRARIAN
DISCONTENT THAT HAD BEEN DEVELOPING STEADILY IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE
ABOUT 1870 HAD BEEN PRECIPITATED BY THE CLOSING OF THE INTERNAL FRONTIER —
THAT IS, THE DEPLETION OF AVAILABLE NEW LAND NEEDED FOR FURTHER EXPANSION
OF THE AMERICAN FARMING SYSTEM. (4)
36.IN THE EARLY 1950’S, HISTORIANS WHO STUDIED PREINDUSTRIAL EUROPE (WHICH
WE MAY DEFINE HERE AS EUROPE IN THE PERIOD FROM ROUGHLY 1300 TO 1800)
BEGAN, FOR THE FIRST TIME IN LARGE NUMBERS, TO INVESTIGATE MORE OF THE
PREINDUSTRIAL EUROPEAN POPULATION THAN THE 2 OR 3 PERCENT WHO COMPRISED THE
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ELITE：THE KINGS, GENERALS, JUDGES, NOBLES, BISHOPS,
AND LOCAL MAGNATES WHO HAD HITHERTO USUALLY FILLED HISTORY BOOKS. (4)
37.HISTORIANS SUCH AS LE ROY LADURIE HAVE USED THE DOCUMENTS TO EXTRACT
CASE HISTORIES, WHICH HAVE ILLUMINATED THE ATTITUDES OF DIFFERENT SOCIAL
GROUPS (THESE ATTITUDES INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT CONFINED TO, ATTITUDES
TOWARD CRIME AND THE LAW) AND HAVE REVEALED HOW THE AUTHORITIES
ADMINISTERED JUSTICE. (3+)
象勒罗伊。拉迪里（LE ROY LADURIE）一类的史学家利用这些文献史料从中挖掘出某些
个案史（CASE HISTORY）来，阐明了不同社会群体的态度（这些态度包括，但并非局限
于，对犯罪和法律的态度），并揭示出当局是如何执行审判的。
38.IT CAN BE INFERRED FROM THE PASSAGE THAT A HISTORIAN WHO WISHED TO
COMPARE CRIME RATES PER THOUSAND IN A EUROPEAN CITY IN ONE DECADE OF THE
FIFTEENTH CENTURY WITH CRIME RATES IN ANOTHER DECADE OF THAT CENTURY WOULD
PROBABLY BE MOST AIDED BY BETTER INFORMATION ABOUT WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
(5)
39.MY POINT IS THAT ITS CENTRAL CONSCIOUSNESS — ITS PROFOUND
UNDERSTANDING OF CLASS AND GENDER AS SHAPING INFLUENCES ON PEOPLE’S
LIVES — OWES MUCH TO THAT EARLIER LITERARY HERITAGE, A HERITAGE THAT, IN
GENERAL, HAS NOT BEEN SUFFICIENTLY VALUED BY MOST CONTEMPORARY LITERARY
CRITICS. (4)
40.EVEN THE REQUIREMENT THAT BIOMATERIALS PROCESSED FROM THESE MATERIALS BE
NONTOXIC TO HOST TISSUE CAN BE MET BY TECHNIQUES DERIVED FROM STUDYING THE
REACTIONS OF TISSUE CULTURES TO BIOMATERIALS OR FROM SHORT-TERM IMPLANTS.
(5)
41.BUT ACHIEVING NECESSARY MATCHES IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ACROSS INTERFACES
BETWEEN LIVING AND NONLIVING MATTER REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE OF WHICH
MOLECULES CONTROL THE BONDING OF CELLS TO EACH OTHER — AN AREA THAT WE
HAVE NOT YET EXPLORED THOROUGHLY. (4)
42.ISLAMIC LAW IS A PHENOMENON SO DIFFERENT FROM ALL OTHER FORMS OF LAW —
NOTWITHSTANDING, OF COURSE, A CONSIDERABLE AND INEVITABLE NUMBER OF
COINCIDENCES WITH ONE OR THE OTHER OF THEM AS FAR AS SUBJECT MATTER AND
POSITIVE ENACTMENTS ARE CONCERNED — THAT ITS STUDY IS INDISPENSABLE IN
ORDER TO APPRECIATE ADEQUATELY THE FULL RANGE OF POSSIBLE LEGAL PHENOMENA.
(5)
43.(BOTH JEWISH LAW AND CANON LAW ARE MORE UNIFORM THAN ISLAMIC LAW.)
THOUGH HISTORICALLY THERE IS A DISCERNIBLE BREAK BETWEEN JEWISH LAW OF THE
SOVEREIGN STATE OF ANCIENT ISRAEL AND OF THE DIASPORA (THE DISPERSION OF
JEWISH PEOPLE AFTER THE CONQUEST OF ISRAEL), THE SPIRIT OF THE LEGAL
MATTER IN LATER PARTS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IS VERY CLOSE TO THAT OF THE
TALMUD, ONE OF THE PRIMARY CODIFICATIONS OF JEWISH LAW IN THE DIASPORA.
(5)
44.ISLAM, ON THE OTHER HAND, REPRESENTED A RADICAL BREAKAWAY FROM THE ARAB
PAGANISM THAT PRECEDED IT；ISLAMIC LAW IS THE RESULT OF AN EXAMINATION FROM
A RELIGIOUS ANGLE, OF LEGAL SUBJECT MATTER THAT WAS FAR FROM UNIFORM,
COMPRISING AS IT DID THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE LAWS OF PRE-ISLAMIC
ARABIA AND NUMEROUS LEGAL ELEMENTS TAKEN OVER FROM THE NON-ARAB PEOPLES OF
THE CONQUERED TERRITORIES. (4)
45.ONE SUCH NOVEL IDEA IS THAT (IDEA) OF INSERTING INTO THE CHROMOSOMES OF
PLANTS DISCRETE GENES THAT ARE NOT A PART OF THE PLANTS’ NATURAL
CONSTITUTION: SPECIFICALLY, THE IDEA OF INSERTING INTO NONLEGUMINOUS
PLANTS THE GENES, IF THEY CAN BE IDENTIFIED AND ISOLATED, THAT FIT THE
LEGUMINOUS PLANTS TO BE HOSTS FOR NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA. HENCE, THE
INTENSIFIED RESEARCH ON LEGUMES. (5)
46.IT IS ONE OF NATURE’S GREAT IRONIES THAT THE AVAILABILITY OF NITROGEN
IN THE SOIL FREQUENTLY SETS AN UPPER LIMIT ON PLANT GROWTH EVEN THOUGH THE
PLANTS’ LEAVES ARE BATHED IN A SEA OF NITROGEN GAS. (3+)
47.UNLESS THEY SUCCEED, THE YIELD GAINS OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION WILL BE
LARGELY LOST EVEN IF THE GENES IN LEGUMES THAT EQUIP THOSE PLANTS TO ENTER
INTO A SYMBIOSIS WITH NITROGEN FIXERS ARE IDENTIFIED AND ISOLATED, AND EVEN
IF THE TRANSFER OF THOSE GENE COMPLEXES, ONCE THEY ARE FOUND, BECOMES
POSSIBLE. (4)
48.ITS SUBJECT (TO USE MAYNARD MACK’S CATEGORIES) IS "LIFE-AS-SPECTACLE"
FOR READERS, DIVERTED BY ITS VARIOUS INCIDENTS, OBSERVE ITS HERO ODYSSEUS
PRIMARILY FROM WITHOUT；THE TRAGIC ILIAD, HOWEVER, PRESENTS "LIFE-AS-
EXPERIENCE": READERS ARE ASKED TO IDENTIFY WITH THE MIND OF ACHILLES, WHOSE
MOTIVATIONS RENDER HIM A NOT PARTICULARLY LIKABLE HERO. (5)
49.MOST STRIKING AMONG THE MANY ASYMMETRIES EVIDENT IN AN ADULT FLATFISH IS
EYE PLACEMENT： BEFORE MATURITY ONE EYE MIGRATES, SO THAT IN AN ADULT
FLATFISH BOTH EYES ARE ON THE SAME SIDE OF THE HEAD. (3+)
50.A CRITIQUE OF HANDLIN’S INTERPRETATION OF WHY LEGAL SLAVERY DID NOT
APPEAR UNTIL THE 1660’S SUGGESTS THAT ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THE RELATION
BETWEEN SLAVERY AND RACIAL PREJUDICE SHOULD BE REEXAMINED, AND THAT
EXPLANATIONS FOR THE DIFFERENT TREATMENT OF BLACK SLAVES IN NORTH AND SOUTH
AMERICA SHOULD BE EXPANDED. (4)
51.THE BEST EVIDENCE FOR THE LAYERED-MANTLE THESIS IS THE WELL-ESTABLISHED
FACT THAT VOLCANIC ROCKS FOUND ON OCEANIC ISLANDS, ISLANDS BELIEVED TO
RESULT FROM MANTLE PLUMES ARISING FROM THE LOWER MANTLE, ARE COMPOSED OF
MATERIAL FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF THE MIDOCEAN RIDGE SYSTEM,
WHOSE SOURCE, MOST GEOLOGISTS CONTEND, IS THE UPPER MANTLE. (5-)
52.SOME GEOLOGISTS, HOWEVER, ON THE BASIS OF OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING MANTLE
XENOLITHS, ARGUE THAT THE MANTLE IS NOT LAYERED, BUT THAT HETEROGENEITY IS
CREATED BY FLUIDS RICH IN "INCOMPATIBLE ELEMENTS" (ELEMENTS TENDING TOWARD
LIQUID RATHER THAN SOLID STATE) PERCOLATING UPWARD AND TRANSFORMING
PORTIONS OF THE UPPER MANTLE IRREGULARLY, ACCORDING TO THE VAGARIES OF THE
FLUIDS’ PATHWAYS. (4+)
53.FALLOIS PROPOSED THAT PROUST HAD TRIED TO BEGIN A NOVEL IN 1908,
ABANDONED IT FOR WHAT WAS TO BE A LONG DEMONSTRATION OF SAINT-BEUVE’S
BLINDNESS TO THE REAL NATURE OF GREAT WRITING, FOUND THE ESSAY GIVING RISE
TO PERSONAL MEMORIES AND FICTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS ,AND ALLOWED THESE TO TAKE
OVER IT A STEADILY DEVELOPING NOVEL. (5-)
54.THE VERY RICHNESS AND COMPLEXITY OF THE MEANINGFUL RELATIONSHIPS THAT
KEPT PRESENTING AND REARRANGING THEMSELVES ON ALL LEVELS, FROM ABSTRACT
INTELLIGENCE TO PROFOUND DREAMY FEELINGS, MADE IT DIFFICULT FOR PROUST TO
SET THEM OUT COHERENTLY. (5)
55.BUT THOSE OF WHO HOPED, WITH KOLB, THAT KOLB’S NEWLY PUBLISHED COMPLETE
EDITION OF PROUST’S CORRESPONDENCE FOR 1909 WOULD DOCUMENT THE PROCESS IN
GREATER DETAIL ARE DISAPPOINTED. (4)
56.NOW WE MUST ALSO EXAMINE THE CULTURE AS WE MEXICAN AMERICANS HAVE
EXPERIENCED IT, PASSING FROM A SOVEREIGN PEOPLE TO COMPATRIOTS WITH NEWLY
ARRIVING SETTLERS TO, FINALLY，A CONQUERED PEOPLE — A CHARTER MINORITY ON
OUR OWN LAND. (5-)
57.IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE SPECIFIC COMPLEMENTARY DNA’S (CDNA’S) THAT CAN
SERVE AS MOLECULAR PROBES TO SEEK OUT THE MESSENGER RNA’S (MRNA’S) OF THE
PEPTIDE HORMONES. IF BRAIN CELLS ARE MAKING THE HORMONES, THE CELLS WILL
CONTAIN THESE MRNA’S. IF THE PRODUCTS THE BRAIN CELLS MAKE RESEMBLE THE
HORMONES BUT ARE NOT IDENTICAL TO THEM, THEN THE CDNA’S SHOULD STILL BIND
TO THESE MRNA’S, BUT SHOULD NOT BIND AS TIGHTLY AS THEY WOULD TO MRNA’
S FOR THE TRUE HORMONES. (4)
58.THE MOLECULAR APPROACH TO DETECTING PEPTIDE HORMONES USING CDNA PROBES
SHOULD ALSO BE MUCH FASTER THAN THE IMMUNOLOGICAL METHOD BECAUSE IT CAN
TAKE YEARS OF TEDIOUS PURIFICATIONS TO ISOLATE PEPTIDE HORMONES AND THEN
DEVELOP ANTISERUMS TO THEM. (4)
59.NEVERTHELESS, RESEARCHERS OF THE PLEISTOCENE EPOCH HAVE DEVELOPED ALL
SORTS OF MORE OR LESS FANCIFUL MODEL SCHEMES OF HOW THEY WOULD HAVE
ARRANGED THE ICE AGE HAD THEY BEEN IN CHARGE OF EVENTS. (3+)
60.THIS SUCCESSION WAS BASED PRIMARILY ON A SERIES OF DEPOSITS AND EVENTS
NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO GLACIAL AND INTERGLACIAL PERIODS, RATHER THAN
ON THE MORE USUAL MODERN METHOD OF STUDYING BIOLOGICAL REMAINS FOUND IN
INTERGLACIAL BEDS THEMSELVES INTERSTRATIFIED WITHIN GLACIAL DEPOSITS. (4)
61.THERE HAVE BEEN ATTEMPTS TO EXPLAIN THESE TABOOS IN TERMS OF
INAPPROPRIATE SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS EITHER BETWEEN THOSE WHO ARE INVOLVED
AND THOSE WHO ARE NOT SIMULTANEOUSLY INVOLVED IN THE SATISFACTION OF A
BODILY NEED, OR BETWEEN THOSE ALREADY SATIATED AND THOSE WHO APPEAR TO BE
SHAMELESSLY GORGING. (5)
62.MANY CRITICS OF FAMILY BRONTE’S NOVEL WUTHERING HEIGHTS SEE ITS SECOND
PART AS A COUNTERPOINT THAT COMMENTS ON, IF IT DOES NOT REVERSE, THE FIRST
PART, WHERE A "ROMANTIC" READING RECEIVES MORE CONFIRMATION. (5)
63.GRANTED THAT THE PRESENCE OF THESE ELEMENTS NEED NOT ARGUE AN AUTHORIAL
AWARENESS OF NOVELISTIC CONSTRUCTION COMPARABLE TO THAT OF HENRY JAMES,
THEIR PRESENCE DOES ENCOURAGE ATTEMPTS TO UNIFY THE NOVEL’S HETEROGENEOUS
PARTS. (4+)
64.THIS IS NOT BECAUSE SUCH AN INTERPRETATION NECESSARILY STIFFENS INTO A
THESIS (ALTHOUGH RIGIDITY IN ANY INTERPRETATION OF THIS OR OF ANY NOVEL IS
ALWAYS A DANGER), BUT BECAUSE WUTHERING HEIGHTS HAS RECALCITRANT ELEMENTS
OF UNDENIABLE POWER THAT, ULTIMATELY, RESIST INCLUSION IN AN ALL-
ENCOMPASSING INTERPRETATION. (5)
65.THE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF LEAD OFTEN VARIES FROM ONE SOURCE OF COMMON
COPPER ORE TO ANOTHER, WITH VARIATIONS EXCEEDING THE MEASUREMENT ERROR；AND
PRELIMINARY STUDIES INDICATE VIRTUALLY UNIFORM IS TOPIC COMPOSITION OF
THE LEAD FROM A SINGLE COPPER-ORE SOURCE. (4)
66. MORE PROBABLE IS BIRD TRANSPORT, EITHER EXTERNALLY, BY ACCIDENTAL
ATTACHMENT OF THE SEEDS TO FEATHERS, OR INTERNALLY, BY THE SWALLOWING OF
FRUIT AND SUBSEQUENT EXCRETION OF THE SEEDS. (3+)
67.A LONG-HELD VIEW OF THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH COLONIES THAT BECAME THE
UNITED STATES HAS BEEN THAT ENGLAND’S POLICY TOWARD THESE COLONIES BEFORE
1763 WAS DICTATED BY COMMERCIAL INTERESTS AND THAT A CHANGE TO A MORE
IMPERIAL POLICY, DOMINATED BY EXPANSIONIST MILITARIST OBJECTIVES, GENERATED
THE TENSIONS THAT ULTIMATELY LED TO THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. (4+)
68.IT IS NOT KNOWN HOW RARE THIS RESEMBLANCE IS, OR WHETHER IT IS MOST
OFTEN SEEN IN INCLUSIONS OF SILICATES SUCH AS GARNET, WHOSE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
IS GENERALLY SOMEWHAT SIMILAR TO THAT OF DIAMOND； BUT WHEN PRESENT, THE
RESEMBLANCE IS REGARDED AS COMPELLING EVIDENCE THAT THE DIAMONDS AND
INCLUSIONS ARE TRULY CONGENETIC. (4)
69.EVEN THE "RADICAL" CRITIQUES OF THIS MAINSTREAM RESEARCH MODEL, SUCH AS
THE CRITIQUE DEVELOPED IN DIVIDED SOCIETY, ATTACH THE ISSUE OF ETHNIC
ASSIMILATION TOO MECHANICALLY TO FACTORS OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL MOBILITY
AND ARE THUS UNABLE TO ILLUMINATE THE CULTURAL SUBORDINATION OF PUERTO
RICANS AS A COLONIAL MINORITY. (4+)
70.THEY ARE CALLED VIRTUAL PARTICLES IN ORDER TO DISTINGUISH THEM FROM REAL
PARTICLES, WHOSE LIFETIMES ARE NOT CONSTRAINED IN THE SAME WAY, AND WHICH
CAN BE DETECTED. (3)
71.OPEN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE EXISTENCE OF WOMEN’S OPPRESSION WAS TOO
RADICAL FOR THE UNITED STATED IN THE FIFTIES, AND BEAUVOIR’S CONCLUSION,
THAT CHANGE IN WOMEN’S ECONOMIC CONDITION, THOUGH INSUFFICIENT BY ITSELF,
“REMAINS THE BASIC FACTOR” IN IMPROVING WOMEN’S SITUATION, WAS
PARTICULARLY UNACCEPTABLE. (4+)
72. OTHER THEORISTS PROPOSE THAT THE MOON WAS RIPPED OUT OF THE EARTH’S
ROCKY MANTLE BY THE EARTH’S COLLISION WITH ANOTHER LARGE CELESTIAL BODY
AFTER MUCH OF THE EARTH’S IRON FELL TO ITS CORE. (4)
73.HOWEVER, RECENT SCHOLARSHIP HAS STRONGLY SUGGESTED THAT THOSE ASPECTS OF
EARLY NEW ENGLAND CULTURE THAT SEEM TO HAVE BEEN MOST DISTINCTLY PURITAN,
SUCH AS THE STRONG RELIGIOUS ORIENTATION AND THE COMMUNAL IMPULSE, WERE NOT
EVEN TYPICAL OF NEW ENGLAND AS A WHOLE, BUT WERE LARGELY CONFINED TO THE
TWO COLONIES OF MASSACHUSETTS AND CONNECTICUT. (4)
74.THUS, WHAT IN CONTRAST TO THE PURITAN COLONIES APPEARS TO DAVIS TO BE
PECULIARLY SOUTHERN — ACQUISITIVENESS, A STRONG INTEREST IN POLITICS AND
THE LAW, AND A TENDENCY TO CULTIVATE METROPOLITAN CULTURAL MODELS — WAS
NOT ONLY MORE TYPICALLY ENGLISH THAN THE CULTURAL PATTERNS EXHIBITED BY
PURITAN MASSACHUSETTS AND CONNECTICUT, BUT ALSO ALMOST CERTAINLY
CHARACTERISTIC OF MOST OTHER EARLY MODERN BRITISH COLONIES FROM BARBADOS
NORTH TO RHODE ISLAND AND NEW HAMPSHIRE. (4)
75.PORTRAYALS OF THE FOLK OF MECKLENBURG COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA, WHOM HE
REMEMBERS FROM EARLY CHILDHOOD, OF THE JAZZ MUSICIANS AND TENEMENT ROOFS OF
HIS HARLEM DAYS, OF PITTSBURGH STEELWORKERS, AND HIS RECONSTRUCTION OF
CLASSICAL GREEK MYTHS IN THE GUISE OF THE ANCIENT BLACK KINGDOM OF BENIN,
ATTEST TO THIS. (5)
一些描述，关于他从小就记得的北卡罗来纳州的M县的人民、关于他在H的日子里的爵士
乐手和公寓的房顶、关于匹兹堡的钢铁工人的描述和他的假借古代B国对古希腊神话得
宠俗，都表现了这一点。IN THE GUISE OF ：“假借、在…的幌子下，假装”。
76.A VERY SPECIALIZED FEEDING ADAPTATION IN ZOOPLANKTON IS THAT OF THE
TADPOLELIKE APPENDICULARIAN WHO LIVES IN A WALNUT-SIZED (OR SMALLER)
BALLOON OF MUCUS EQUIPPED WITH FILTERS THAT CAPTURE AND CONCENTRATE
PHYTOPLANKTON. (4)
77.THESE HISTORIANS, HOWEVER, HAVE ANALYZED LESS FULLY THE DEVELOPMENT OF
SPECIFICALLY FEMINIST IDEAS AND ACTIVITIES DURING THE SAME PERIOD. (3+)
但是，这些史学家还不曾充分地分析同一时期中那些具体的女权主义思想和活动的发
展。
78.APPARENTLY MOST MASSIVE STARS MANAGE TO LOSE SUFFICIENT MATERIAL THAT
THEIR MASSES DROP BELOW THE CRITICAL VALUE OF 1.4 M BEFORE THEY EXHAUST
THEIR NUCLEAR FUEL. (5)
显然，大多数的巨星能够失去足够多的物质以至于在燃尽其核燃料以前他们的质量下降
到关键值1.4M以下。难在：SUFFICIENT …THAT… = SO MUCH (MANY ) … THAT…
79.THIS IS SO EVEN THOUGH ARMED FORCES OPERATE IN AN ETHOS OF INSTITUTIONAL
CHANGE ORIENTED TOWARD OCCUPATIONAL EQUALITY AND UNDER THE FEDERAL SANCTION
OF EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK. (5)
80.WHEN THE CORE OF A GIANT STAR WHOSE MASS SURPASSES 1.4 TIMES THE PRESENT
MASS OF OUR SUN (M⊙) EXHAUSTS ITS NUCLEAR FUEL, IT IS UNABLE TO SUPPORT
ITS OWN WEIGHT AND COLLAPSES INTO A TINY NEUTRON STAR. (4)
81.AN IMPACT (ON THE MARS) CAPABLE OF EJECTING A FRAGMENT OF THE MARTIAN
SURFACE INTO AN EARTH-INTERSECTING ORBIT IS EVEN LESS PROBABLE THAN SUCH AN
EVENT ON THE MOON, IN VIEW OF THE MOON’S SMALLER SIZE AND CLOSER PROXIMITY
TO EARTH. (5)
一个能够把活性表面的碎片射入地球交叉轨道的碰撞发生的可能性甚至小于这种事? 月亮上发生的可能性，考虑到月亮更小的尺寸及其与地球接近的程度。
注：IN VIEW OF：考虑到、由于 = BECAUSE OF
82.NOT ONLY ARE LIVER TRANSPLANTS NEVER REJECTED, BUT THEY EVEN INDUCE A
STATE OF DONOR-SPECIFIC UNRESPONSIVENESS IN WHICH SUBSEQUENT TRANSPLANTS OF
OTHER ORGANS, SUCH AS SKIN, FROM THAT DONOR ARE ACCEPTED PERMANENTLY.
(4)
83.AS ROCK INTERFACE ARE CROSSED, THE ELASTIC CHARACTERISTICS ENCOUNTERED
(BY SEISMIC WAVES) GENERALLY CHANGE ABRUPTLY, WHICH CAUSES PART OF THE
ENERGY TO BE REFLECTED BACK TO THE SURFACE, WHERE IT IS RECORDED BY SEISMIC
INSTRUMENTS. (4)
84.WHILE THE NEW DOCTRINE SEEMS ALMOST CERTAINLY CORRECT, THE ONE PAPYRUS
FRAGMENT RAISES THE SPECTER THAT ANOTHER MAY BE UNEARTHED, SHOWING, FOR
INSTANCE, THAT IT WAS A POSTHUMOUS PRODUCTION OF THE DANAID TETRALOGY WHICH
BESTED SOPHOCLES, AND THROWING THE DATE ONCE MORE INTO UTTER CONFUSION. (4)
85.THE METHODS THAT A COMMUNITY DEVISES TO PERPETUATE ITSELF COME INTO
BEING TO PRESERVE ASPECTS OF THE CULTURAL LEGACY THAT THAT COMMUNITY
PERCEIVES AS ESSENTIAL. (3+)
86.TRADITIONALLY, POLLINATION BY WIND HAS BEEN VIEWED AS A REPRODUCTIVE
PROCESS MARKED BY RANDOM EVENTS IN WHICH THE VAGARIES OF THE WIND ARE
COMPENSATED FOR BY THE GENERATION OF VAST QUANTITIES OF POLLEN, SO THAT THE
ULTIMATE PRODUCTION OF NEW SEEDS IS ASSURED AT THE EXPENSE OF PRODUCING
MUCH MORE POLLEN THAN IS ACTUALLY USED. (4)
87.BECAUSE THE POTENTIAL HAZARDS POLLEN GRAINS ARE SUBJECT TO AS THEY ARE
TRANSPORTED OVER LONG DISTANCES ARE ENORMOUS, WINDPOLLINATED PLANTS HAVE,
IN THE VIEW ABOVE, COMPENSATED FOR THE ENSUING LOSS OF POLLEN THROUGH
HAPPENSTANCE BY VIRTUE OF PRODUCING AN AMOUNT OF POLLEN THAT IS ONE TO
THREE ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE GREATER THAN THE AMOUNT PRODUCED BY SPECIES
POLLINATED BY INSECTS. (5)
88.FOR EXAMPLE, THE SPIRAL ARRANGEMENT OF SCALE-BRACT COMPLEXES ON OVULE-
BEARING PINE CONES, WHERE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF CONIFERS ARE
LOCATED, IS IMPORTANT TO THE PRODUCTION OF AIRFLOW PATTERNS THAT SPIRAL
OVER THE CONE’S SURFACES, THEREBY PASSING AIRBORNE POLLEN FROM ONE SCALE
TO THE NEXT. (5)
89.FRIEDRICH ENGELS, HOWEVER, PREDICTED THAT WOMEN WOULD BE LIBERATED FROM
THE “SOCIAL, LEGAL, AND ECONOMIC SUBORDINATION” OF THE FAMILY BY
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS THAT MADE POSSIBLE THE RECRUITMENT OF “THE
WHOLE FEMALE SEX INTO PUBLIC INDUSTRY”. (3+)
90.IT WAS NOT THE CHANGE IN OFFICE TECHNOLOGY, BUT RATHER THE SEPARATION OF
SECRETARIAL WORK, PREVIOUSLY SEEN AS AN APPRENTICESHIP FOR BEGINNING
MANAGERS, FROM ADMINISTRATIVE WORK THAT IN THE 1880’S CREATED A NEW CLASS
OF "DEAD-END" JOBS, THENCEFORTH CONSIDERED "WOMEN’S WORK". (5)
十九世纪八十年代，产生了新的一类“没前途”的职业，这并不是因为办公室技术发生
了改变，而是由于秘书工作——在此之前被视作是初起步的经理们的一种习见训练——
与行政工作的分离。自此以后，这类“没前途”的职业便被视作是“女人的工作”。
注：本文难度在分不清SEPARATION … FROM 的搭配关系
91.THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBERS OF MARRIED WOMEN EMPLOYED OUTSIDE THE HOME
IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY HAD LESS TO DO WITH THE MECHANIZATION OF
HOUSEWORK AND AN INCREASE IN LEISURE TIME FOR THESE WOMEN THAN IT DID WITH
THEIR OWN ECONOMIC NECESSITY AND WITH HIGH MARRIAGE RATES THAT SHRANK THE
AVAILABLE POOL OF SINGLE WOMEN WORKERS, PREVIOUSLY, IN MANY CASES, THE ONLY
WOMEN EMPLOYERS WOULD HIRE. (5)
二十世纪已婚妇女在家庭以外就业的人数不断增加，这与家务的机械化及这些妇女闲暇
时间的增加并无多大联系，更多地是与妇女自身的经济需要和高婚姻率相关。高婚姻率
致使所能雇佣的单身女工的总量缩减，而在此之前的许多情形中，单身女性则是雇主们
所愿雇佣的唯一一类妇女。
THE POOL OF 如果后面跟着一群人，则表示劳动力资源
92.FOR ONE THING, NO POPULATION CAN BE DRIVEN ENTIRELY BY DENSITY-
INDEPENDENT FACTORS ALL THE TIME. (5)
难句类型：正话反说
请思考：如果文中说这句话的前提是：ALL POPULATION ARE DRIVEN BY TWO (AND
ONLY TWO) CATEGORIES OF GROWTH PARAMETERS, ONE IS DENSITY-INDEPENDENT
FACTORS, AND THE OTHER IS DENSITY-INDEPENDENT FACTORS. 那么作者说上面的这句
话有什么用意。
93.IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF THE ECOLOGIST’S INVESTIGATION, WE
MAY THINK OF THE DENSITY-DEPENDENT EFFECTS ON GROWTH PARAMETERS AS
THE "SIGNAL" ECOLOGISTS ARE TRYING TO ISOLATE AND INTERPRET, ONE THAT TENDS
TO MAKE THE POPULATION INCREASE FROM RELATIVELY LOW VALUES OR DECREASE FROM
RELATIVELY HIGH ONES, WHILE THE DENSITY-INDEPENDENT EFFECTS ACT TO
PRODUCE "NOISE" IN THE POPULATION DYNAMICS. (5)
94.BUT THE PLAY’S COMPLEX VIEW OF BLACK SELF-ESTEEM AND HUMAN SOLIDARITY
AS COMPATIBLE IS NO MORE "CONTRADICTORY" THAN DU BOIS’ FAMOUS, WELL-
CONSIDERED IDEAL OF ETHNIC SELF-AWARENESS COEXISTING WITH HUMAN UNITY,
OR FANON’S EMPHASIS ON AN IDEAL INTERNATIONALISM THAT ALSO ACCOMMODATES
NATIONAL IDENTITIES AND ROLES. (5)
但该剧有关黑人自尊可与人类团结相融合这一复杂观点，丝毫都不比杜波伊斯（DU
BOIS）的理想或法侬（FANON）的强调来得更为“矛盾”：杜波伊斯提出的著名的、深
思熟虑的理想是，民族的自觉可以和人类大同共存；法侬则对理想的国际主义进行了强
调，而这一理想的国际主义同样也能兼容民族身份与角色。
NO MORE … THAN：一样不
注：VIEW BLACK SELF-ESTEEM AND HUMAN SOLIDARITY
IDEAL ETHNIC SELF-AWARENESS COEXISTING WITH HUMAN UNITY
EMPHASIS NATIONAL IDENTITIES AND ROLES ACCOMMODATES INTERNATIONALISM
95.IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DOES THE AUTHOR OF THE PASSAGE REINFORCE HIS
CRITICISM OF RESPONSES SUCH AS ISAACS’ TO RAISIN IN THE SUN? (5)
题干圈套
在以下哪一个选项中，文章的作者加强了她对类似这样的对于《》做出的反应的批判
呢？
96.INHERITORS OF SOME OF THE VIEWPOINTS OF EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY
PROGRESSIVE HISTORIANS SUCH AS BEARD AND BECKER, THESE RECENT HISTORIANS
HAVE PUT FORWARD ARGUMENTS THAT DESERVE EVALUATION. (3+)
98.YET THOSE WHO STRESS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF A GENERAL CONSENSUS AMONG THE
COLONISTS CANNOT FULLY UNDERSTAND THAT CONSENSUS WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING THE
CONFLICTS THAT HAD TO BE OVERCOME OR REPRESSED IN ORDER TO REACH IT. (5+)
99.IT CAN BE INFERRED FROM THE PASSAGE THAT THE AUTHOR WOULD BE MOST LIKELY
TO AGREE WITH WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS REGARDING SOCIOECONOMIC
CLASS AND SUPPORT FOR THE REBEL AND LOYALIST CAUSES DURING THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTIONARY WAR？(5)
100.SHE WISHED TO DISCARD THE TRADITIONAL METHODS AND ESTABLISHED
VOCABULARIES OF SUCH DANCE FORMS AS BALLET AND TO EXPLORE THE INTERNAL
SOURCES OF HUMAN EXPRESSIVENESS. (5)
她希望抛弃传统的方法和像芭蕾舞这样已经确立的舞蹈语言，而希望探索人类表现力的
内在源泉。
101. ALTHOUGH IT HAS BEEN POSSIBLE TO INFER FROM THE GOODS AND SERVICES
ACTUALLY PRODUCED WHAT MANUFACTURES AND SERVICING TRADES THOUGHT THEIR
CUSTOMERS WANTED, ONLY A STUDY OF RELEVANT PERSONAL DOCUMENTS WRITTEN BY
ACTUAL CONSUMERS WILL PROVIDE A PRECISE PICTURE OF WHO WANTED WHAT. (5)
102.WITH REGARD TO THIS LAST QUESTION, WE MIGHT NOTE IN PASSING THAT
THOMPSON, WHILE RIGHTLY RESTORING LABORING PEOPLE TO THE STAGE OF EIGHTEEN-
CENTURY ENGLISH HISTORY, HAS PROBABLY EXAGGERATED THE OPPOSITION OF THESE
PEOPLE TO THE INROADS OF CAPITALIST CONSUMERISM IN GENERAL: FOR EXAMPLE,
LABORING PEOPLE IN EIGHTEEN-CENTURY ENGLAND READILY SHIFTED FROM HOME-
BREWED BEER TO STANDARDIZED BEER PRODUCED BY HUGE, HEAVILY CAPITALIZED
URBAN BREWERIES. (4)
103.THE CORRELATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE WITH TEMPERATURE, OF COURSE, DOES NOT
ESTABLISH WHETHER CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION CAUSED THE WARMING AND
COOLING TRENDS OR WERE CAUSED BY THEIR. (4+)
104.SUCH PHILOSOPHICAL CONCERNS AS THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM OR, MORE
GENERALLY, THE NATURE OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE THEY BELIEVE, ARE BASIC HUMAN
QUESTIONS WHOSE TENTATIVE PHILOSOPHICAL SOLUTIONS HAVE SERVED AS THE
NECESSARY FOUNDATIONS ON WHICH ALL OTHER INTELLECTUAL SPECULATION HAS
RESTED. (5-)
105.THE IDEA OF AN AUTONOMOUS DISCIPLINE CALLED "PHILOSOPHY", DISTINCT FROM
AND SITTING IN JUDGMENT ON SUCH PURSUITS AS THEOLOGY AND SCIENCE TURNS OUT,
ON CLOSE EXAMINATION, TO BE OF QUITE RECENT ORIGIN. (4)
106.THEY WERE FIGHTING, ALBEIT DISCREETLY, TO OPEN THE INTELLECTUAL WORLD
TO THE NEW SCIENCE AND TO LIBERATE INTELLECTUAL LIFE FROM ECCLESIASTICAL
PHILOSOPHY AND ENVISIONED THEIR WORK AS CONTRIBUTING TO THE GROWTH, NOT OF
PHILOSOPHY, BUT OF RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS. (5-)
107.BUT THE RECENT DISCOVERY OF DETAILED SIMILARITIES IN THE SKELETAL
STRUCTURE OF THE FLIPPERS IN ALL THREE GROUPS UNDERMINES THE ATTEMPT TO
EXPLAIN AWAY SUPERFICIAL RESEMBLANCE AS DUE TO CONVERGENT EVOLUTION-THE
INDEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT OF SIMILARITIES BETWEEN UNRELATED GROUPS IN
RESPONSE TO SIMILAR ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES. (4)
108.HUMAN GENES CONTAIN TOO LITTLE INFORMATION EVEN TO SPECIFY WHICH
HEMISPHERE OF THE BRAIN EACH OF A HUMAN’S 10’’ NEURONS SHOULD OCCUPY,
LET ALONE THE HUNDREDS OF CONNECTIONS THAT EACH NEURON MAKES. (5)
109.FOR THE WOMAN WHO IS A PRACTITIONER OF FEMINIST LITERARY CRITICISM, THE
SUBJECTIVITY VERSUS OBJECTIVITY, OR CRITIC-AS-ARTIST-OR-SCIENTIST, DEBATE
HAS SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE; FOR HER, THE QUESTION IS NOT ONLY ACADEMIC, BUT
POLITICAL AS WELL, AND HER DEFINITION WILL COURT SPECIAL RISKS WHICHEVER
SIDE OF THE ISSUE IT FAVORS. (5)
110.IF SHE DEFINES FEMINIST CRITICISM AS OBJECTIVE AND SCIENTIFIC — A
VALID, VERIFIABLE, INTELLECTUAL METHOD THAT ANYONE, WHETHER MAN OR WOMAN,
CAN PERFORM — THE DEFINITION NOT ONLY PRECLUDES THE CRITIC-AS-ARTIST
APPROACH, BUT MAY ALSO IMPEDE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE UTILITARIAN POLITICAL
OBJECTIVES OF THOSE WHO SEEK TO CHANGE THE ACADEMIC ESTABLISHMENT AND ITS
THINKING, ESPECIALLY ABOUT SEX ROLES. (4)
111.THESE QUESTIONS ARE POLITICAL IN THE SENSE THAT THE DEBATE OVER THEM
WILL INEVITABLY BE LESS AN EXPLORATION OF ABSTRACT MATTERS IN A SPIRIT OF
DISINTERESTED INQUIRY THAN AN ACADEMIC POWER STRUGGLE IN WHICH THE CAREERS
AND PROFESSIONAL FORTUNES OF MANY WOMEN SCHOLARS-ONLY NOW ENTERING THE
ACADEMIC PROFESSION IN SUBSTANTIAL NUMBERS-WILL BE AT STAKE, AND WITH THEM
THE CHANCES FOR A DISTINCTIVE CONTRIBUTION TO HUMANISTIC UNDERSTANDING, A
CONTRIBUTION THAT MIGHT BE AN IMPORTANT INFLUENCE AGAINST SEXISM IN OUR
SOCIETY. (5+)
112.PERHAPS HE BELIEVED THAT HE COULD NOT CRITICIZE AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY
WITHOUT ENDANGERING THE SUPPORT FOR CIVIL RIGHTS THAT HE HAD WON FROM THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. (4-)
HOWEVER, SOME BROODS POSSESS A FEW SNAILS OF THE OPPOSING HAND, AND IN
PREDOMINANTLY SINISTRAL BROODS, THE INCIDENCE OF DEXTRALITY IS SURPRISINGLY
HIGH. (5)
可是，一些窝中会有一些相反旋向的蜗牛，而且在主要是左旋的窝种，出现右旋的几率
是令人惊奇的高。
114.IN EXPERIMENTS, AN INJECTION OF CYTOPLASM FROM DEXTRAL EGGS CHANGES THE
PATTERN OF SINISTRAL EGGS, BUT AN INJECTION FROM SINISTRAL EGGS DOES NOT
INFLUENCE DEXTRAL EGGS.
115.RECENTLY SOME SCIENTISTS HAVE CONCLUDED THAT METEORITES FOUND ON EARTH
AND LONG BELIEVED TO HAVE A MARTIAN ORIGIN MIGHT ACTUALLY HAVE BEEN BLASTED
FREE OF MARS’S GRAVITY BY THE IMPACT ON MARS OF OTHER METEORITES. (4+)
116.UNDER THE FORCE OF THIS VIEW, IT WAS PERHAPS INEVITABLE THAT THE ART OF
RHETORIC SHOULD PASS FROM THE STATUS OF BEING REGARDED AS OF QUESTIONABLE
WORTH (BECAUSE ALTHOUGH IT MIGHT BE BOTH A SOURCE OF PLEASURE AND A MEANS
TO URGE PEOPLE TO RIGHT ACTION, IT MIGHT ALSO BE A MEANS TO DISTORT TRUTH
AND A SOURCE OF MISGUIDED ACTION) TO THE STATUS OF BEING WHOLLY CONDEMNED.
(4)
117.NONE OF THESE TRANSLATIONS TO SCREEN AND STAGE, HOWEVER, DRAMATIZE THE
ANARCHY AT THE CONCLUSION OF A CONNECTICUT YANKEE, WHICH ENDS WITH THE
VIOLENT OVERTHROW OF MORGAN’S THREE-YEAR-OLD PROGRESSIVE ORDER AND HIS
RETURN TO THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, WHERE HE APPARENTLY COMMITS SUICIDE AFTER
BEING LABELED A LUNATIC FOR HIS INCOHERENT BABBLINGS ABOUT DRAWBRIDGES AND
BATTLEMENTS. (4)
118.CALCULATIONS OF THE DENSITY OF ALLOYS BASED ON BERNAL-TYPE MODELS OF
THE ALLOYS METAL COMPONENT AGREED FAIRLY WELL WITH THE EXPERIMENTALLY
DETERMINED VALUES FROM MEASUREMENTS ON ALLOYS CONSISTING OF A NOBLE METAL
TOGETHER WITH A METALLOID, SUCH AS ALLOYS OF PALLADIUM AND SILICON, OR
ALLOYS CONSISTING OF IRON, PHOSPHORUS, AND CARBON, ALTHOUGH SMALL
DISCREPANCIES REMAINED. (5)
119.AND WALZER ADVOCATES AS THE MEANS OF ELIMINATING THIS TYRANNY AND OF
RESTORING GENUINE EQUALITY “THE ABOLITION OF THE POWER OF MONEY OUTSIDE
ITS SPHERE”. (4)
而且，W倡议把“在金钱的圈子之外废除金钱的力量”作为消除这种暴政并且重新获得
真正的平等的方法。
120.IT IS NOW ESTABLISHED THAT THE MILKY WAY IS FAR MORE EXTENDED AND OF
MUCH GREATER MASS THAN WAS HITHERTO THOUGHT.
121.IS IT NOT TYRANNICAL, IN PASCAL’S SENSE, TO INSIST THAT THOSE WHO
EXCEL IN "SENSITIVITY" OR "THE ABILITY TO EXPRESS COMPASSION" MERIT EQUAL
WEALTH WITH THOSE WHO EXCEL IN QUALITIES (SUCH AS "THE CAPACITY FOR HARD
WORK") ESSENTIAL IN PRODUCING WEALTH？(5)
122.YET WAIZER’S ARGUMENT, HOWEVER DEFICIENT, DOES POINT TO ONE OF THE
MOST SERIOUS WEAK- NESSES OF CAPITALISM-NAMELY, THAT IT BRINGS TO
PREDOMINANT POSITIONS IN A SOCIETY PEOPLE WHO, NO MATTER HOW LEGITIMATELY
THEY HAVE EARNED THEIR MATERIAL REWARDS, OFTEN LACK THOSE OTHER QUALITIES
THAT EVOKE AFFECTION OR ADMIRATION. (5)
123. THE APPRECIATION OF TRADITIONAL ORAL AMERICAN INDIAN LITERATURE HAS
BEEN LIMITED, HAMPERED BY POOR TRANSLATIONS AND BY THE DIFFICULTY, EVEN IN
THE RARE CULTURALLY SENSITIVE AND AESTHETICALLY SATISFYING TRANSLATION,
OF COMPLETELY CONVEYING THE ORIGINAL’S VERSE STRUCTURE, TONE, AND SYNTAX.
(4-)
124.MORES, WHICH EMBODIED EACH CULTURE’S IDEAL PRINCIPLES FOR GOVERNING
EVERY CITIZEN, WERE DEVELOPED IN THE BELIEF THAT THE FOUNDATION OF A
COMMUNITY LIES IN THE CULTIVATION OF INDIVIDUAL POWERS TO BE PLACED IN
SERVICE TO THE COMMUNITY. (4+)
125.ONLY IN THE CASE OF THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION DO WE LACK A USEFUL
DESCRIPTION OF PARTICIPANTS THAT MIGHT CHARACTERIZE IT IN THE LIGHT OF
WHAT SOCIAL HISTORY HAS TAUGHT US ABOUT THE PROCESS OF REVOLUTIONARY
MOBILIZATION. (5)
唯独在二月革命（THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION）这一情形中，我们缺乏一种有用的有关
参加者的描述，而这一描述则有可能按照社会历史有关革命动员过程所教给我们的内容
来勾画出这场革命的性质。
126.AS A CONSEQUENCE, IT MAY PROVE DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE TO ESTABLISH FOR
A SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION A COMPREHENSIVE AND TRUSTWORTHY PICTURE OF THOSE
WHO PARTICIPATED, OR TO ANSWER EVEN THE MOST BASIC QUESTIONS ONE MIGHT POSE
CONCERNING THE SOCIAL ORIGINS OF THE INSURGENTS. (5)
127.ANTHROPOLOGISTS AND OTHERS ARE ON MUCH FIRMER GROUND WHEN THEY ATTEMPT
TO DESCRIBE THE CULTURAL NORMS FOR A SMALL HOMOGENEOUS TRIBE OR VILLAGE
THAN WHEN THEY UNDERTAKE THE FORMIDABLE TASK OF DISCOVERING THE NORMS THAT
EXIST IN A COMPLEX MODERN NATION STATE COMPOSED OF MANY DISPARATE GROUPS.
(4)
128.THE ITALIAN INFLUENCE IS LIKELY, WHATEVER VALDEZ IMMEDIATE SOURCE: THE
MEXICAN CARPAS THEMSELVES ARE SAID TO HAVE ORIGINATED FROM THE THEATER
PIECES OF A SIXTEENTH-CENTURY SPANISH WRITER INSPIRED BY ENCOUNTERS WITH
ITALIAN COMMEDIA DELL’ARTE TROUPES ON TOUR IN SPAIN. (4+)
129.IT HAS THUS GENERALLY BEEN BY WAY OF THE EMPHASIS ON ORAL LITERARY
CREATIVITY THAT THESE CHICANO WRITERS, WHOSE ENGLISH LANGUAGE WORKS ARE
SOMETIMES UNINSPIRED, DEVELOPED THE POWERFUL AND ARRESTING LANGUAGE THAT
CHARACTERIZED THEIR SPANISH-LANGUAGE WORKS.
130.TO MEASURE THEM PROPERLY, MONITORING EQUIPMENT WOULD HAVE TO BE LAID
OUT ON A GRID AT INTERVALS OF AT MOST 50 KILOMETERS, WITH SENSORS AT EACH
GRID POINT LOWERED DEEP IN THE OCEAN AND KEPT THERE FOR MANY MONTHS.
131.THIS DECLARATION, WHICH WAS ECHOED IN THE TEXT OF THE FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENT, WAS DESIGNED PRIMARILY TO COUNTER THE SUPREME COURT’S RULING IN
DRED SCOTT V. SANDFORD THAT BLACK PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES COULD BE
DENIED CITIZENSHIP. (3)
132.THE BROAD LANGUAGE OF THE AMENDMENT STRONGLY SUGGESTS THAT ITS FRAMERS
WERE PROPOSING TO WRITE INTO THE CONSTITUTION NOT A LAUNDRY LIST OF
SPECIFIC CIVIL RIGHTS BUT A PRINCIPLE OF EQUAL CITIZEN- SHIP THAT
FORBIDS ORGANIZED SOCIETY FROM TREATING ANY INDIVIDUAL AS A MEMBER OF AN
INFERIOR CLASS. (4)
133.THIS DOCTRINE HAS BROADENED THE APPLICATION OF THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT
TO OTHER, NONRACIAL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION, FOR WHILE SOME JUSTICES HAVE
REFUSED TO FIND, ANY LEGISLATIVE CLASSIFICATION OTHER THAN RACE TO BE
CONSTITUTIONALLY DISFAVORED, MOST HAVE BEEN RECEPTIVE TO ARGUMENTS THAT AT
LEAST SOME NONRACIAL DISCRIMINATIONS, SEXUAL DISCRIMINATION IN PARTICULAR,
ARE "SUSPECT" AND DESERVE THIS HEIGHTENED SCRUTINY BY THE COURTS. (5)
134.ONLY WHEN A SYSTEM POSSESSES NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL BOUNDARIES THAT
ASSOCIATE THE WATER WITHIN IT WITH THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE MAY THE ENTIRE
SYSTEM PROPERLY BE TERMED HYDROGEOLOGIC.
