2009最完整的高考语法终极解析－冠词

用法

典型例句

1、与可数名词单数连用，表示类别。

--- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.

--- You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer. (2006 北京)

2、泛指某人或某物， 表示"某一个"，相当于a certain。

--- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? (2006 全国1)

--- Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here. 

3、用于数量、时间等名词前，表示“每一（单位）的……”相当于per。

I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003上海)

4、用于固定词组中。

a knowledge of ,  have a gift for , give sb. a ride, a couple of, have a good time, keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, tell a lie, do sb. a favor

用法

典型例句

1、用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。

Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was the most important one.（2006 辽宁）

2、指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。

Don’t worry if you can’t come to the party. I’ll save some cake for you.  （2006 浙江）

3、复述上文中提到的事物。

There is a shelf in my father’s room. The shelf is new.

4、用于单数可数名词之前，表示该类事物，相当于a。

When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat.  （04全国I）

5、序数词和形容词最高级前。

比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词the。

The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. (02上海春季)

I want to chat with the taller of the two men.

6、在表示方位、乐器的名词前。

Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny. (2000 北京春季)

play the piano, play the violin

7、用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。

the Smiths

8、表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。

the sun; the moon; the earth; the world

9、用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及某些建筑物等名称前。

According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.   (2006 全国II )

After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the Capital Airport. （05安徽）

10、在某些形容词之前，可表示某一类人。

the rich; the poor; the old; the wounded, the living, the dead

用法

典型例句

1、人名、地名（街名、广场名、公园名）、大学名、国名、病名前。

Wang Fu Jing Street     Pei Hai Park北海公园  

Beijing University 但也可说the University of Beijing

2、抽象名词表示一般概念时，一般不用冠词。

When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life.   （04辽宁）

3、物质名词表示一般概念时，一般不用冠词。

The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.（2001全国）

4、表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前，常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时，加the。

We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory.

类似的名词还有：president, monitor, headmaster, mayor等

5、表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前，不用冠词。但我国的阴历节前要用the。

Children’s Day; Women’s Day; May Day

the Spring Festival

6、三餐、学科名称、球类活动和棋类游戏的名称前，不用冠词。

play basketball; play chess

7、man作“人类”讲时，同human, mankind 一样不用冠词。

While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed man’s understanding of color.  （04广东）

8、by与表示“通信、交通”的词连用，表示通信,交通手段时，不用冠词。

If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one.  （05全国III）

9、复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。

It is often said that teachers have a very easy life.  ( 05北京)

10、有些名词与介词搭配表示抽象意义，不加冠词，常作状语。

His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.(2001上海)

in surprise (wonder, danger, tears, comfort ), in love with, under pressure, beyond expression等